CONSTRUCTION OF

BITUMINOUS
PAVEMENTS

MODULE 4
WATER BOUND MECADAM ROADS

• WBM Roads are low cost roads, having dense and

compacted road surface made of crushed or broken
aggregates

• Aggregates are interlocked by rolling

• Voids may be filled up with screening and binding material

along with water
MATERIALS FOR WBM
1.Coarse aggregate (any one)
• Broken stones
• Crushed stones
• Crushed slag
• Over burnt brick aggegates
• Natural aggregates
2. Screening
3. Binding Material
1.COARSE AGGREGATE
• shou;ld be durable, hard and free from flaky and
elongated particles.
• Thickness of aggregate layers depend upon
1. 1.Intensity of traffic
2. Weight of commercial vehicles using the road
3. Bearing capacity of soil
4. Hardness of the aggregates used
2.SCREENING
• Used to fill up voids in compacted layers of coarse
aggregate
• Usually aggregates of small size of the same material is
used
IRC RECOMMENDATION
• Non plastic materials(moorum or gravel) with
• liquid limit< 20%
• Plastic limit <6 %
• Portion of fines passing 0.075mm sieve <10%
• For crushable types of aggregates such as bricks and
laterate, there is no need of screening for void filling
3. BINDING MATERIALS

• Fine grained materials

• Used to prevent wearing action by rubbing of aggregates

• Lime stone dust is a locally available binding material

METHOD OF
CONSTRUCTION OF WBM
• Sub grade is prepared to required grade and camber
• Shoulders are prepared such as to retain the road structure
in between them
• The aggregates are spread uniformly to the desired
thickness (75 mm or 150 mm including 2 layers)
• Rolling is carried out for compaction with the help of rollers
• After compaction, two or three layers of screening is applied
to fill up the voids
• Rolling after sprinkling of plenty of water, swept of with
brooms to remove excess screening materials.
• Application of binding materials in two or more thin layers
along with the application of water
• Road surface is then allowed to cure
• If it needed to b coated with bituminous layer,then
complete drying is required
BITUMINOUS ROADS
• Pavement or road composed of mixture of bitumen with coarse
aggregate
• Bitumen or tar is used as binding material, also called as black top
roads due to its appearance
• Flexible pavements can be strengthened after certain period unlike of
concrete pavements
ADVANTAGES
• Smooth and comfortable riding
• High resistance to surface wear and deformation
• Bitumen Skid resistant surface
• Distributes the wheel load evenly
• Protects the sub base against the action of rain and climatic changes
TYPES OF BITUMINOUS
CONSTRUCTION
1. Interface treatments like prime coat and track coat
2. Surface dressing and seal coat
3. Grouted or penetration type construction
a) Penetration macadam
b) Built up spray grout
4. Pre mix which may be any of the following
a) Bituminous bound macadam
b) Carpet
c) Bituminous concrete
d) Sheet or rolled asphalt
e) Mastic asphlt
• Bituminous binders are tar, cut black , emulsion and
bitumen
• The choice of use a particular binder depends on
• Type of construction
• Availability of material and equipment
• TECHNIQUES
• Hot mix: bitumen and tar require to be heated to bring
them to proper viscosity.
• Cold mix: cut black and emulsion do not require heating
1. INTERFACE TREATMENTS
• Cleaning of the existing surface of the pavement and application of
thin layer of bituminous binder to increase the bonding b/w the
existing and new layers.
a) Prime coat
• a low viscosity bituminous material is sprayed in thin layers for the
filling up of void spaces
• Mainly done on top of macadam roads
• Liquid penetrates through the voids
• Sprayed at the rate of 7.3 to 14.6 kg per 10 sq.m depending on the
porosity of the surface
b) Track coat
• Application of tar on relatively an impervious pavement or existing
pavement
• Higher viscosity tar is sprayed at the rate of 4.9 to 9.8 kg per 10 sq. m
• Depending on the type of surface, emulsions may also be applied in
cold state
2.BITUMINOUS SURFACE
DRESSING
• BSD is provided over an existing pavement to serve as
thin wearing coat
• Surface dressing consist of application of single or
double layers of bituminous material followed by
spreading of aggregates
• for better binding, the aggregates may be pre coated with
bituminous binder
FUNCTIONS
• To prevent wearing of base coarse
To avoid the infiltration of water through pavement layers
• To provide wet free and mud free surface during dry and
wet weather conditions respectively
SEAL COAT
• Recommended as top coat over impervious pavements
• Provided on existing pavements which is worn out
• A pre mix sand bitumen mix is commonly used.
FUNCTIONS
• To seal the surface against water
• To develop skid resistance
• To even out the surface
3.PENETRATION MACADAM
• Bituminous penetration macadam or grouted mecadam is
used as base or binder coarse
• Corase aggregate is first spread and compacted in dry
state
• After that the hot binder material is sprayed in relatively
large quantity
• Bitumen penetrated in to void surfaces and compacted
aggregates
• Depending on the quality of bitumen, and the extend of
penetration, the depth of compacted aggregates, it is
called as ‘full grout’ or ‘semi grout’
BUILT UP SPRAY GROUT

• Consist of 2 layer composite construction

• compacted crushed aggregates application of bituminous
binder after each layer
• Provided for bonding and for the attainment of
compacted finished thickness of 75 mm
• Commonly used to strengthen an existing bituminous
pavement
4. PRE-MIX
Assignment 2
CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE FOR
SURFACE DRESSING
1. Preparation of existing surface
2. Application of binder
3. Application of stone chipping
4. Rolling of first of final coat
5. Application of binder and stone chipping for second coat
6. Rolling of second coat
7. Finishing and opening to traffic
CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE FOR
PENETRATION (GROUTED) MADADAM
1. Preparation of existing surface
2. Spreading of coarse aggregates
3. Rolling
4. Bituminous application
5. Spreading of key aggregates
6. Seal coat finishing
7. Opening to traffic
CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE FOR
BITUMINOUS MADADAM
1. preparation of existing surface
2. Track coat or prime coat
3. Premix preparation
4. Placement
5. Rolling and finishing the paving mix