PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

PHASE DIAGRAM : 1 component

Outline materi diagram fasa 1 komponen

 Pengertian diagram fasa

 Jenis-jenis diagram fasa
 Informasi yang diperoleh dari diagram fasa
 Aturan fasa
 Persamaan Clausius-Clapeyron
 Perhitungan entalpi/temperatur/tekanan proses
transisi
 Konstruksi diagram fasa
 Aplikasi diagram fasa
 Pengertian fasa
A phase in a material is a
region that differ in its
microstructure and
or composition from
another region
• homogeneous in crystal structure
and atomic arrangement
• have same chemical and physical
properties throughout
• have a definite interface and able
to be mechanically separated
from its surroundings
 graphical representation of the
Phase diagram combinations of T, p, C , or other
variables for which specific
phases exist at equilibrium
Phase diagram

• •1 komponen
1 komponen
• •2 komponen
2 komponen
• •3 komponen
3 komponen

 padat – cair
 cair – cair
 cair - uap
Phase diagram of ethanol
Informasi yang diperoleh dari diagram fasa
 Application of supercritical CO2

• A great advantage of sc-CO2 is that there are no noxious

residues once the solvent has been allowed to evaporate, so,
coupled with its low critical temperature, sc-CO2 is ideally
suited to food processing and the production of
pharmaceuticals. It is used, for instance, to remove caffeine
from coffee. The supercritical fluid is also increasingly being
used for dry cleaning, which avoids the use of carcinogenic
and environmentally deleterious chlorinated hydrocarbons.

• Another advantage : ……?

 Aturan fasa

FF==CC––PP++22

FF==degree
degreeofoffreedom
freedom
CC==component
component
PP==phase
phase
Titik T :
komponen = 1
fasa =3
F=1–3+2=0
variabel = 0
 problems
Semua titik di
D F daerah A, B, C :
B komponen = …..
fasa = …...
F = ……
A variabel = …...
C

Semua titik di garis

DT, ET, FT :
E komponen = …..
fasa = …...
F = ……
variabel = …...
Phase
Phasediagram
diagram Clapeyron equation
11components
components

The solid-liquid transition

The liquid-vapor transition

Clausius-Clapeyron
equation
The solid-vapor transition
 Exercise

• The vapour pressure of dichloromethane at 24.1°C is

53.3 kPa and its enthalpy of vaporization is 28.7 kJ
mol−1. Estimate the temperature at which its vapour
pressure is 70.0 kPa.

• The molar volume of a certain solid is 161.0 cm3 mol−1

at 1.00 atm and 350.75 K, its melting temperature.
The molar volume of the liquid at this temperature
and pressure is 163.3 cm3 mol−1. At 100 atm the
melting temperature changes to 351.26 K. Calculate
the enthalpy and entropy of fusion of the solid.
 Exercise

For the CO2 phase diagram, the triple point for CO2 is
5.11 atm and 216.15 K. The critical point for for CO2 is
72.85 atm and 304.2 K.

• ∆vapH = ….?

• The equation for liquid-vapor transition is = …………. ?

• Construct the phase diagram of liquid-vapor

transition
 Exercise
• Construct the phase diagram of solid-liquid
transition based on these data
 Common Applications
• Calculate the vapor pressure of a liquid at any
temperature (with known vapor pressure at a given
temperature and known heat of vaporization)
• Calculate the heat of a phase change
• Calculate the boiling point of a liquid at a
nonstandard pressure
• Reconstruct a phase diagram
• Determine if a phase change will occur under
certain circumstances
 Real World Applications
• Chemical engineering
• Determining the vapor pressure of a substance
• Meteorology
• Estimate the effect of temperature on vapor
pressure
• Important because water vapor is a greenhouse
gas