G.

HEALTHCARE FOR
ADULTS
 ADULTHOOD starts from 20 years
of age until 59 years.
The adulthood phase of the life
cycle approach cover the different
roles and responsibiliyies of BHWs
in promoting and preventing
common communicable and non-
communicable disease program of
the DOH
Communicable
diseases
(infectious
diseases)
 ROLE OF BHW

Adequately trained BHWs are expected to

identify common types of communicable
diseases within their household catchment areas
and assist RHMs in providing adequate DOH-
recognized first aid management

They are not expected to comprehensively

discuss the different types of communicable
diseases and its treatment modalities .
 DENGUE
Transmitted through the bite of an infected Aedes aegypti
mosquito affecting infants , children and adults

Management/ treatment DOES NOT REQUIRE ANY type of

antibiotics.

In most instances, delayed recognition of the diseases may

lead to severe bleeding and death

DENGUE INFECTION = a mosquito-borne viral infection that

causes flu like symptoms and occasionally develops into a
potentially fatal complication such as dengue hemorrhagic
fever. It may affect anyone but sewldom causes death if
detected early
 DENGUE INFECTION
usual signs and symptoms of dengue infection
 Skin rashes nausea and vomiting
 Joint and muscle pain High grade fever
 Loss of appetite
Danger signs of possible bleeding from dengue infection may
present with any of the ff:
 Nose/ gum bleeding usually after the fever subsides
 Dark-colored stools Difficulty of breathing
 Vomiting of coffee-ground vomitus Abdominal pain
GO TO THE NEAREST HEALTH FACILITY IF THERE ARE ANY S/S
OF DENGUE INFECTION/ DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER
 4 S AGAINST DENGUE
SEARCH AND DESTROY
 Cover water containers which may serve as breeding sites of
dengue mosquitoes
 Replace water of water vases at least once a week
 Regularly clean gutters from leaves and debris
 Dispose all unused materials that can collect and hold water

SELF PROTECTION
 use mosquito repellants or mosquito nets
 WEAR long pants/ long sleeved shirt
 4 S AGAINST DENGUE
SEEK EARLY CONSULTATION
 Persistent fever for more than 2 days
 Rashes
 Any signs of possible internal bleeding:
 nose bleeding usually after the fever subsides
 Abdominal pain
 Dark colored stools
 Vomiting of coffee-ground vomitus

SAY YES TO FOGGING ONLY WHEN THERE IS AN IMPENDING

OUTBREAK OR HOTSPOT
 dengue fever may be supported with PARACETAMOL. DO NOT GIVE
ASPIRIN
 Increase fluid intake to prevent dehydration from high-grade fever
BHWs SHOULD DO
1. Using the latest forms for Community Based Monitoring
and Information System (CBMIS) gather the following
data during your household visit:
a. name and age of members of household
b. duration of high-grade fever, if any
c. danger signs of bleeding from dengue infection, if any

2. Refer within the catchment area to the RHM, if with high-

grade fever (T= ≥39C) persisting for more than 2 days
despite increased oral intake and treatment of
Paracetamol
BHWs SHOULD DO
3. Immediately refer members of household if there is/are
any danger signs of bleeding from dengue infection
4. Regularly conduct community campaign drive to eliminate breeding
sites of mosquitoes
5. Regularly update the color coding signs of dengue infection in the
catchment areas
White = no case of dengue
green = with ≥ 2 cases of dengue
Yellow = already considered a hot spot
Red = there is already an outbreak
6. Explain to the community the significance of color coding scheme
White = maintain search and destroy activities
Green to red = encourage intensified implementation of 4S
activities within the community
 FILARIAL INFECTION
FILARIASIS also known as ELEPHANTIASIS
 caused by parasitic worms that is transmitted to humans
through the bite of an infected aedes mosquito.

 Usual signs/symptoms
▪ pain and swelling of breast, scrotum, legs and arms
▪ fever
▪ Cough
▪ chills
▪ noisy breathing
 FILARIASIS
 Prevention includes:
 Wearing of long - sleeved shirt and long pants
when working in areas where filariasis is endemic
 Use mosquito repellants
 Use mosquito nets during sleep

 November is declared as filariasis treatment month

 Never self-medicate with antibiotics to prevent
complications
 Seek consultation at nearest health facility if there are
any signs of filarial infection
BHWs SHOULD DO
1. Using the latest forms for Filariasis prevention and
control, BHWs should have a record /masterlist of
the ff within their designated HH catchment areas
during their household visit:
a. name and age of members of household
b. signs /symptoms of possible filariasis infection, if any

2. Encourage members of the household to actively

participate and be part of the Mid Sentinel Survey
and Transmission Assessment Survey
BHWs SHOULD DO
3. Immediately refer members of the household,
suspected of having filariasis, to the RHMs, or
nearest health facility for adequate treatment.

4. Encourage patients with diagnosed filariasis to

comply with the medications to prevent
complications

5. Assist patients during follow-up visits

HEPATITIS
 HEPATITIS
A viral disease which may present with symptoms
that may be so mild to be noticed, like jaundice
(common types of hepatitis in the Philippines:
Hepatitis A, B and C )
Hepatitis A
• viral infection that is preventable and curable
• Transmitted through the fecal-oral route (i.e. from
ingestion of food contaminated with human waste
or urine of persons who also have hepa A infection )
 HEPATITIS
Hepatitis B
 viral infection that is preventable BUT NOT curable

Transmitted through different ways:

▪ from mother to child during childbirth
▪ through blood transfusion of contaminated blood
▪ through sharing of contaminated or infected sharp objects
▪ through sexual intercourse with an infected
partner
 HEPATITIS
Hepatitis C
 viral infection that is preventable BUT NOT curable

 NO available vaccine for hepatitis C

 Transmitted through any of the ff ways:

▪ through blood transfusion of contaminated blood
▪ through sharing of contaminated or infected sharp objects
▪ through sexual intercourse with an infected partner

 Persons infected with hepatitis B and Hepatitis C may

become carriers for life, or may have liver cirrhosis, liver
failure, or liver cancer later in life
 Usual signs /symptoms of hepatitis
HEPATITIS A
 Fever
 Flu-like symptoms (muscle and joint pains, loss of appetite)
 Fatigue or tiredness
 Abdominal discomfort
 Dark / brownish urine
 Yellowish discoloration of the eyes or jaundice
HEPATITIS B
 Weakness HEPATITIS B
 Stiomach upset carriers are
 Dark urine or very pale stools ASYMPTOMATIC
 Yellowish discoloration of the eyes or jaundice
 Usual signs /symptoms of hepatitis
HEPATITIS C
Infected individuals with hepatitis C are usually
asymptomatic but may also present with any of the ff:
 headache
 Nausea and vomiting
 Weakness and Fatigue or tiredness
 Abdominal pain
 Dark yellow urine, light colored stools
 Yellowish discoloration of the eyes or jaundice
 Prevention and control
 For Hepa A
 proper hand washing techniques (before preparing
food , before eating, after using the toilet)
still the best and practical method to prevent the spread of
Hepa A.

 For Hepa B
 Transmission of Hepa B infection from mother to child
during childbirth can be prevented through complete
(3) doses of hepa B vaccine for newborns who have
mothers properly diagnosed with hepa B.
 Prevention and control
 For both hepa B and C:
 Mutual monogamous relationship for couples
 consistent and correct use of condoms of those with
multiple partners
 Avoid use of any object that may be contaminated
with the blood of an infected person

HEPATITIS INFECTIONS DO NOT

REQUIRE ANY OF ANTIBIOTIC
TREATMENT
 BHW SHOULD DO

 immediately refer members of the HH who are

suspected of having any of the 3 types of
hepatitis to the RHM or to the nearest facility
for proper evaluation and management.

Hepatitis infection are best evaluated by

adequately trained health professionals
influenza
 influenza
 viral infection, highly contagious
 Commonly known as “ FLU “
 usually lasts from 1-3 days even without
treatment.
 Transmitted when an infected person coughs
or sneezes or when there is direct contact
with contaminated surfaces, material and
clothing of an infected person
 Any person within the household who has a
weakened immune system is susceptible.
 influenza
 usual signs/symptoms:
• Fever with or without joint pains
• Headache
• Runny nose
• Sore throat
• Cough

 Self-limiting disease that does not usually require treatment and

may only be treated with rest, increased oral fluid intake and
eating nutrient rich foods

 REFER if cough and fever persists for more than 2 days

despite increased oral fluid intake and eating of nutrient rich
foods ( citrus fruits) for proper evaluation and management.
 influenza
 prevention and control
• Adequate cough manner tro prevent its spread
• Proper handwashing to prevent contaminating
household surfaces or clothing of family members

BHWs SHOULD DO
1. refer and assist those suspected with influenza and
with any complications such as pneumonia , ear
infection
2. Refer immediately when pneumonia is with
Short rapid breathing difficulty of breathing
Fever loss of appetite or poor suck among neonates
leprosy
 leprosy
 Caused by bacteria

 Transmitted by prolonged close contact through the

respiratory tract(inhalation of the bacteria) from an
infected person who is not treated

 Affects the skin and peripheral nerves

 Refer anyone who may have the signs and symptoms

of leprosy to prevent is continuing spread
 leprosy
 Usual signs/symptom

 single or multiple whitish or reddish batches

of skin with loss of feeling (does not hurt or
even itch)
 loss of sensation to heat, touch or pain of
the affected area accompanied weakness of the
muscles of the hands and eyes
 leprosy
Prevention and control
Preventive measures:
 Regularly practice good personal hygiene
( proper hand washing and cough manners)
 Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol intake
 Enough rest and exercise regularly
 Eat nutrient rich foods to maintain increased resistance
against infection
 For household who have a patient with confirmed leprosy,
regularly
practice cough manners . DO NOT USE your hands when
covering your mouth to prevent the spread of infection on
surfaces.
 leprosy
Treatment and management
 Duration of treatment depends on the
classification of the leprosy.
 Paucibacillary = treatment may last from 6 – 9
months depending on the response of the body to
the medication prescribed.
 Multibacillary = treatment may last for 24 -30
months
Religously drink the meds given and follow
up as scheduled
BHWs SHOULD DO
1. Using the latest family profiling form for leprosy, gather
the ff data:
 name and age of suspected leprosy patient
 number of members in the household
 past medical history of leprosy infection among members of
the household, if any
 previous history of compliance on leprosy medfications, if any

2. REFER suspected leprosy patients for proper evaluation

and management
 Single or multiple whitish or reddish patches of skin with loss
of feeling
 Loss of sensation to heat, touch or pain of affected area
accompanied by weakness of the muscels of hands and eyes
BHWs SHOULD DO
3. For BHWs who already have leprosy patients within their
catchment areas,
 Regularly follow up to ensure their intake of meds and at the right
dose
 Refer for any adverse events if possible
 Constantly remind patients of scheduled follow up
 Encourage family members to support the patient to ensure
completion of treatment
 Constantly provide health education to family members and the
patient 9 stop smoking, cover mouth when coughing and sneezing to
control on the spread of infection
4. Regularly update members of household catchment area of any
health related activities on:
Leprosy as a reminder to the public
World leprosy day
National skin awareness month (november)
leptospirosis
 Leptospirosis infection
 Bacterial infection most commonly transmitted by
urine and semen of infected animals in flood waters,
or muddy farms and in areas where there is a
livestock.

 Transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food

or water or through broken skin or open wounds
which comes in contact with contaminated water
 PREVENTION: use protective equipments : boots
and gloves when work requirees exposure to
potentially contaminated water
 Leptospirosis infection
 Usual signs and symptoms Includes any of the
following:
 Fever
 Calf-muscle pain
 History of being in a

 Immediately consult the nearest RHM if you

suspect possibility of leptospirosis infection for
prompt evaluation and management
 NEVER self medicate to prevent undetected
complications such as liver or kidney failure
BHWs SHOULD DO
1. Encourage members of the household within the catchment
area located in floodprone areas to avoid swimming or wading
in potentially contaminated waters.
2. Encourage members of the household within the catchment
area to maintain good environment sanitation through regular
cleaning and drainage of potentially contaminated waters.
3. Immediately REFER if there are any danger s/s of severe
leptospirosis infection
 Yellowish body discoloration
 Dark colored urine and light stools
 Low urine output
 Severe headache
malaria
 malaria
• Sometimes a fatal communicable disease caused
by a protozoan parasite called plasmadium.
• Transmitted thru a bite of an infected anopheles
infected mosquito (night biting mosquito)
• Usual signs/symptoms
 Chills
 High grade fever with or without joint pains
 Severe headache
 Vomiting
 Body malaise
 Profuse sweating
• Prevention:
malaria
 Use mosquito nets that are preferably treated with a
long lasting insecticide while sleeping
 Wear protective clothing: long sleeves,long pants if
staying outdoors at night in endemic areas
 Regularly clear and cut branches of trees alongside
slow –moving rivers, creeks in endemic areas
 Place screens on doors and windows
 Local or international travelers should take
prophylactic anti-malarial drugs when travelling to
endemic areas and use insect repellants or lotion
BHWs SHOULD DO
1. Encourage members of the household within the catchment area to
maintain good environmental sanitation through regular cleaning and
drainage of potential breeding sites of anopheles mosquitoes.

2. Encourage and assist members of the household suspected of

having malaria to seek medical consultation, as early as possible,
when there are any of the signs and symptoms of malaria
 Chills profuse sweating
 High grade fever with or without joint pains
 Severe headache vomiting body malaise

3. Conduct follow-up visits to those who have been adequately diagnosed

to have malaria to ensure good compliance to prescribed
medications
rabies
 Rabies
 A deadly viral infection that is PREVENTABLE but
NOT CURABLE once symptoms have already
started

 Spread by infected animals such as dogs, cats or

bats. It is transmitted through direct contact with
infected saliva of a rabid animal from bites or
scratches.

 RABIES CANNOT BE TREATED with antibiotics, but

only anti-rabies vaccination as management
 Rabies
 Usual signs and symptoms :
 Fever and headache
 Pain or numbness of bite site
 Pain or difficulty in swallowing
 Fear of looking at water (hydrophobia)
 Fear of air (aerophobia)
 A lot of thick, sticky saliva dripping from the
mouth
 Delirium and paralysis in severe cases
 Rabies
PREVENTION:
• The only way to prevent rabies infection is to be
vaccinated.
• Post-exposure prophylaxuis (PEP) must begin
immediately after the biting incident to prevent the
onset of symptoms and death.
PEP consists of local treatment of:
▪ the wound right after rabies exposure
▪ a course of potent and effective rabies vaccine
▪ administration of rabies immunoglobulin, if indicated
• PRE-EXPOSURE AND POST EXPOSURE ANTI-RABIES VACCINES
ARE AVAILABLE AT THE ANIMAL BITE CENTERS
 FIRST AID MANAGEMENT FOR ANIMAL BITES
• FOR ANY INCIDENCE OF ANIMAL BITES, WASH THE
WOUND IMMEDIATELY WITH SOAP AND RUNNING
WATERFOR AT LEAST 10 MINUTES.
• DO NOT APPLY GARLIC OR TANDOK ON THE SITE OF
BITE TO AVOID CONTAMINATION AND FURTHER
COMPLICATIONS.

• DO NOT BLEED THE AREA OF THE WOUND

• go to the nearest animal bite center for proper

management and vaccination
 WHAT SHOULD PET OWNERS DO
 If your pet has bitten any person:
▪ leash your dog and put it in its cage
▪ observe for 14 days for possible signs of rabies
▪ Do not kill your dog. Much more, do not cook and eat the
meat.
▪ Assist the bitten victimn to the nearest ABTC for proper PEP
▪ report to ABTC where the PEP vaccination was given when:
pet becomes wild
pet drools
pet bites any moving or non-moving objects
pet does not eat or drink
pet dies within the observation period
 WHAT SHOULD PET
OWNERS DO
Have your pet vaccinated by a
veterinarian at 3 months old and
every year thereafter or during
mass vaccination of pets scheduled
in your community
BHWs SHOULD DO
1. When presented with patients with animal bites, advise family
members to:
o Go to the nearest health facility or animal bite treatment center to
have the victim vaccinated against rabies immediately
o Wash the wound with clean soap and water only
o Do not bleed the area of wound
o Observe the biting animal for 14 days
o NEVER KILL or EAT the biting animal even if it is a stray animal
o Advise to finish the vaccination doses

2. Update and inform the community if there are any mass

vaccination activities for animals against anti-rabies
 Schistosomiasis
(Camarines Sur is not a
schistosomiasis province)
TUBERCULOSIS
 tuberculosis
 a disease caused by Mycobacterium bacilli acquired
through inhalation of the air droplets when an infected
person coughs, sneezes or spits in public areas

Usual s/s of presumptive TB patients :

 Cough for 2 weeks or more
 Afternoon fever
 Chest or back pain not referable to other diseases
 Loss of weight
 Lack of appetite
 Blood-streaked sputum
 tuberculosis
 PREVENTION OR CONTROL
Continuing spread of TB may be controlled through:
▪ BCG vaccination of newborns
▪ active community participation
avoid spitting in public areas
cover mouth when sneezing or coughing within
or outside their household
referral of presumptive TB patients to trained
health workers
 ROLE OF BHW
UNDER THE NATIONAL TUBERCULOSIS
PROGRAM (NTP) ,
Adequately trained BHWs are expected to
identify and record presumptive TB patients
within their household catchment areas and act
as treatment partners.

They are not expected to comprehensively

discuss tuberculosis and its treatment modalities
.
BHWs SHOULD DO
1. Using the latest family profiling form for TB, gather
the following data:
a. name and age of the presumptive TB patient
b. number of members in the household
c. past medical history of TB infection, if any
d. previous history of compliance on TB medications,
if any
2. Refer presumptive TB patients to the RHM or nearest
health facility for proper evaluation and
management if sign and symptoms are noted
BHWs SHOULD DO
3. Presumptive TB is a condition in a patient who presents
with symptoms or signs suggestive of TB (previously
called TB suspect)

4. Ideally, there should be 3 sputum specimens collected (on

the spot, early morning and another on the spot).
However, if the presumptive TB patient resides in GIDA
( geographically isolated and depressed areas) , the BHW should
collect an early morning sputum, label nits container
with name, age, address and date and submit to the
RHM or health center if feasible at the earliest time
possible.
 BHWs SHOULD DO
5. For those BHWs who already have confirmed TB
patients within their catchment areas,
• As a treatment partner, fill up the NTP ID card and
regularly visit the TB p[atient to ensure compliance
with medications
• Refer the TB patient for any adverse reactions, if
any (e.g. joint pains)
• Constantly remind patient of his/her scheduled
sputum follow-up and assist, if necessary
• Encourage family members to support the TB patient
to ensure completion of treatment modality required
 BHWs SHOULD DO
• Constantly provide health education to family
members and the TB patient himself/herself (e.g.
stop smoking, cover mouth)
• If there are family members who are less than 5
years old, encourage the family to have newborns
vaccinated with or have children ≤5 yrs old tested
with PPD.

6. Always ensure confidentiality of information of

your TB patients, whether they are presumptive
or confirmed cases
Typhoid fever
 Typhoid fever
 A bacterial infection caused by salmonella typhi.
 Transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food
and water
 Usual signs :and symptoms
 High-grade fever
 Headache
 Body malaise
 Loss of apetite
 Either diarrhea or constipation
 Abdominal discomfort
 Typhoid fever
 Go to the RHM or nearest health facility if high-grade
fever is persistent despite increased oral fluid intake and
paracetamol for proper diagnostics and management

 Never self- medicate with antibiotics to prevent complications

 Prevention and control:

PROPER HANDWASHING
TECHNIQUE IS STILL THE
BEST FORM OF PREVENTING ITS
SPREAD……
BHWs SHOULD DO
1. Using the latest forms for environmental sanitation , gather
the following data within your designated household
catchment areas:
a. name of members
b. presence and use of sanitary toilets

2. Refer and assist members of the household catchment areas

when there are any signs and symptoms of typhoid infection

3. Encourage members of the household to regularly practice

proper environmental sanitation
(e.g. use of sanitary toilets, proper waste disposal and proper
hand washing after using the toilet), before preparing or
cooking food and before eating
 NON-
COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES
( lifestyle related
diseases )
 ROLE OF BHW
UNDER THE NCD program of DOH, adequately trained
BHWs are expected to identify and record the eligible
population of their household catchment areas who are
at risk against the common types of NCDs.

They are also expected to assist RHMs in providing

adequate information and education campaigns on
lifestyle related diseases.

They are not expected to comprehensively discuss the

different types of communicable diseaseNCDs and its
treatment modalities .
BREAST
CANCER
 Breast cancer
 Is multifactorial in nature. Men can also develop
breast cancer
 A cancer cthat starts from the cells of the breast

 Risk factors:
 Family history of cancer
 Obesity
 High fat diet
 Smoking and drinking
 Women who are ≥30 yrs old and above during their
first pregnancy or those who never had any children
 Breast cancer
Usual signs and symptoms:
 Lump or swelling of the breast
 Skin dimpling on thje area of the breast
 Retraction of the nipple
 A sore or wound in the nipple

Go the the nearest RHM or health facility for

proper evaluation and management of any lump or
swelling or discharge in the nipple

Regular exercise and healthy eating habits rich in

fiber minimizes the risk for breast cancer
 Breast cancer
 Regular breast self-examination after menstruation is one
of the key factors for early detection of breast cancer.
Follow these easy steps to perform a basic self examination:
a. In a clockwise direction, move 3 fingers of your left
hand in a downward and upward motion over your
right breast while the right arm is raised over your head.
b. . Check for any lump or thickening around your breast
c. Repeat the cycle in three circles and then check the
other breast in the same manner
d. Gently press your nipple and note if there is any pus or
discharge
e. Other techniques may also be performed
BHWs SHOULD DO
1. Using the latest family profiling form for Reproductive
Health, gather the following data within your designated
household catchment areas:
a. name and age of Women of Reproductive Age
b. Age of menarche
c. Family history of breast cancer

2. Encourage members of the household in the eligible population

to regularly conduct self-examination either while taking a
shower, lying-down or sitting

3. Encourage members of the household 30 years or older to

undergo mammography when there are any lumps in the
breast
Cervical cancer
 ROLE OF BHW
Under the Cervical screening Program ,
adequately trained BHWs are expected to
identify and record the eligible population of
their household catchment areas who belong
to WRA, at risk of cervical cancer.

They are not expected to comprehensively

discuss cervical cancer to the eligible
population .
 Cervical cancer
 Cervical cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death among
WRA but can be cured as long as it is detected early

Caused by an infectious agent, HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS

(HPV) usually, transmitted through sexual intercourse
with multiple sexual partners or whose sexual partners
have several sexual partners or among those who have
had sexual intercourse at an early age (15 to 16 yrs old)

The s/s of cervical cancer usually manifest only during

the advance stage of the disease. It is generally
asymptomatic.
 Cervical cancer
The most reliable and practical way to detect cervical cancer is
through PAP SMEAR which should regularly be done among:
a. Those who had 1st intercourse at an early age
(3 yrs after the 1st vaginal intercourse) but not done among those less
than 21 yrs old.
b. Those who have multiple sex partners or whose partners have multiple
sexual partners
c. Those who have been in long- term use of oral contraceptives
d. Smokers
e. WRA with HIV infection
f. WRA 35 yrs old and above with or without sexual intercourse

 If the PAP smear is negative for 3 consecutive years, it is

advised that it should be repeated after every 2 to 3 years.
Sexual history is a sensitive
topic and is best discussed
during FP or STI-HIV
counseling by adequately
trained health personnel
 BHWs SHOULD DO
1. Using the latest family profiling form for Cervical
Cancer Screening, the BHWs should have a master
list /record of the following within their designated
household catchment areas:
a. name and age of all WRA in the household
b. number of pregnancies, if any
c. FP method practiced, if any, and for how long

2. Refer WRA who present with s/s of unusual vaginal

bleeding, with or without unpleasant vaginal
discharge, for further evaluation and management.
LUNG CANCER
 Lung cancer
 Almost always due to the delayed effect of SMOKING
whether voluntary or involuntary (e.g. second hand
smoke)
 the top leading cancer among men and ranks 3rd
among women.

 Risk factors for lung cancer:

 Smoking
 Second hand smoking or passive smoking
 Air pollution
 Lung cancer
Usual signs and symptoms:
 Persistent dry cough tahtb gets worse over time
 Constant chest pain
 Shortness of breath,wheezing or hoarseness
 Difficulty of breathing
 Weight loss
 Easy fatigability

Go to the nearest RHM or health facility when there are

any of the signs and symptoms of lung cancer for
proper evaluation and management
 Lung cancer

How to prevent or control:

Best and only way to prevent lung cancer
is to stop smoking or avoid second hand
smoke

Regular exercise and healthy eating habits

MINIMIZES the risk for lung cancer
BHWs SHOULD DO
1.Using the latest family profiling form for non-communicable diseases, gather the
following data within your designated household catchment areas:
a. name and age of household members
b. family history of lung cancer, if any
c. note of any of the signs and symptoms of lung cancer, if any

2. Encourage members of the household to exercise regularly avoid smoking and intake
of alcoholic beverage and eat nutrient rich foods to minimize the risk for lung cancer.

3. For BHWs who already have patients properly diagnosed with lung cancer within
their catchment areas, they should:
Constantly remind patients to have regular follow-up check-up
Constantly remind patients to comply with medications given
NEVER self-medicate
PROSTATE
CANCER
 PROSTATE CANCER
 Cause still unknown but still the most common type
of cancer among Filipino men ≥50 yrs old
Risk factors:
 Age ≥ 50
 Family history of prostate cancer
 High fat diet
 High intake of calcium
 Usual signs and symptoms:
 Difficulty in urinating
 Blood in the urine
 Blood in the semen
 Discomfort in the pelvic area
 BHWs SHOULD DO
1. Using the latest family profiling form for non-
communicable diseases, gather the following data
within your designated household catchment areas:
a. name and age of household members
b. family history of prostate cancer, if any
c. note of any of the signs and symptoms of prostate
cancer

2. Encourage members of the household to exercise

regularly , avoid smoking and intake of alcoholic
beverage and eat nutrient rich foods to minimize the
risk for prostate cancer.
 Go to the nearest RHM
or health facility
when there are any
of the signs and symptoms
of prostate cancer
for proper evaluation and
management
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE
PULMONARY DISEASE
 COPD
 A LIFE-THREATENING lung disease that leads to
breathing- related problems.
 NOT curable
 Current medications available can only control its
symptoms and improve quality of life.
 most common types : EMPHYSEMA
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
 RISK FACTORS:
 Tobacco smoking
 Indoor and outdoor air pollution
 Occupational dusts and chemicals
 COPD
USUAL SIGN AND SYMPTOMS:
 both emphysema and chronic bronchitis have
symptoms of breathlessness and chronic cough
 Cough with phlegm is more seen in chronic bronchitis ,
wheezing is more prominent in emphysema
 Not all wheezing is caused by asthma
PREVENTION AND CONTROL
 Quit smoking or avoid second-hand smoke
 Wear proper face masks if your work will require
exposure to dusts and chemicals
 Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination will help in
decreasing the risk of acquiring respiratory infectious
 BHWs SHOULD DO
1. Using the latest family profiling form for lung diseases,(TB and
astma) gather the following data within your designated
household catchment areas:
a. name and age of all household members
b. history of tobacco smoking or exposure
c. exposure to indoor air pollution
d. history of exposure to occupational dusts and chemicals
2. For BHWs who already have COPD patients within their
catchment areas, they should:
 Encourage the patients and household members to stop smoking
 Encourage the patients and household members to lessen indoor
air pollution ( use indoor plants that absorb carbon monoxide or
avoid burning of solid fuels for indoor heating)
DIABETES
 DIABETES
group of metabolic disorders
characterized by high blood sugar level
on 2 separate occasions

results when the body cannot properly

regulate the amount of sugar (e.g.
glucose in the blood)
 DIABETES
4 clinical types of diabetes
Type 1 : INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES
Type 2 : NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES
who can be managed through oral anti-diabetic
medications but may eventually also require insulin
treatment to attain good blood glucose control
Type 3 : GESTATIONAL DIABETES
who were first diagnosed to have diabetes during pregnancy
Type 4 :SECONDARY DIABETES
acquired diabetes that may be drug or chemical-induced
such as those who are being treated for AIDS or from other
endocrine diseases such as hyperthyroidism.
 DIABETES
RISK FACTORS FOR DIABETES
 High blood pressure
 High triglyceride levels
 Giving birth to an 8 lb baby
 Sedentary lifestyle
 Obesity
 Family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus among 1st degree
relatives
USUAL S/S OF DIABETES
 Fatigue excessive urination
 Unexplained weight loss poor wound healing
 Excessive thirst Excessive hunger
 DIABETES
PREVENTION
 Diabetes , a lifestyle –related disease which can
be prevented through regular exercise (at least
30 min every other day) and eating a “heart
healthy” diet (i.e. low -salt ,low-fat diet)

 Excessive alcohol consumption and cigarette

smoking also increases the likelihood of
diabetes
 BHWs SHOULD DO
1. Using the latest family profiling form for non-communicable
diseases, gather the following data:
a. name and age of household members
b. past medical history of diabetes, if any
c. family history of diabetes, if any
d. personal and social history of tobacco smoking, alcohol
intake, high-fat, high-salt intake and physical activity, if any
e. any of the signs and symptoms of diabetes

2. Refer members of household catchment area who is suspected

of having diabetes when there are any signs and symptoms
3. Encourage members to exercise regularly and eat nutrient-rich
foods to minimize risk for diabetes
 BHWs SHOULD DO
4. For BHWs who already have diabetic patients within their
catchment areas, they should:
 Constantly remind patients to have regular follow-up check-up and
monitoring of glucose levels
 Constantly remind patients to religiously comply with medications
given to prevent complications
 NEVER self-medicate
 Constantly remind patients to regularly inspect both feet to
immediately identify any ulcers or woundswhich may not have been
felt ( due to loss of sensation)
 Regularly exercise and eat nutrient-rich foods
5. Assist in the risk assessment of clients using the Philippine
package of essential non-communicable disease intervention for
primary care.
ALL PREGNANT WOMEN ARE
ADVISED TO UNDERGO
SCREENING FOR
GESTATIONAL DIABETES AT
THEIR FIRST PRENATAL VISIT
HYPERTENSION
 HYPERTENSION
An increase in blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg in two (2) or
more separate occasions.
One of the leading causes of disability among Filipinos due to
stroke.
BLOOD PRESSURE SYSTOLIC BP DIASTOLIC BP
CLASSIFICATION

NORMAL LESS THAN 120 mmHg LESS THAN 80

mmHg

PRE HYPERTENSION 120 - 139 mmHg 80 – 89 mmHg

Stage 1
Hypertension 140 – 159 mmHg 90 – 99 mmHg

Stage 2 160 mmHg or Higher 100 mmHg or

Hypertension higher

Classification of blood pressure for adults

 HYPERTENSION
RISK FACTORS
 Smoking
 Excessive alcohol consumption
 Overweight
 Family history of hypertension, heart disease, diabetes and kidney
disease
 Sedentary lifestyle
 Chronic stress
 Advancing age

PREVENTION
 Regular exercise and eating”heart healthy” diet
 Excessive alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking also
increases the likelihood of hypertension
 HYPERTENSION
USUAL SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
NOT ALL HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS HAVE SYMPTOMS….
 Headache
 Dizziness
 Blurring of visions
 Nape/ neck discomfort
EARLY DETECTION IS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR FOR PREVENTING
FURTHER COMPLICATIONS……
POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS
Chronic, undiagnosed and untreated hypertension may
result to:
Heart attack stroke kidney failure loss of vision
Lifestyle modification to prevent and manage
hypertension
LIFESTYLE RECOMMENDATION APPROXIMATE SYSTOLIC
MODIFICATION BP REDUCTION
Weight reduction Maintain normal body weight 5-20 mmHg
Adopt DASH eating Consume a diet rich in fruits, 8-14 mmHg
plan (dietary vegetables, and low fat dairy
Approach to stop products
hypertension)

Dietary sodium (salt) Reduce dietary sodium intake 2 – 8 mmHg

restriction
Physical activity Engage in regular aerobic physical 4 -9 mmHg
activity such as brisk walking (at
least 30 min per day, most days of
the week)

Moderation of Limit consumption to no more than 2 -4 mmHg

alcohol consumption 2 drinks per day in most men and
not more than 1 drink per day in
women and lighter weight persons
 BHWs SHOULD DO
1. Using the latest family profiling form for Non-communicable
disease Risk assessment form , gather the following data:
a. name and age of household members
b. past medical history of hypertension, if any
c. family history of hypertension, if any
d. personal and social history of tobacco smoking, alcohol intake,
high-fat, high-salt intake and physical activity, if any
e. any of the signs and symptoms of hypertension

2. Not all hypertensive patients have symptoms, but refer who are
suspected of having hypertension (BP 140/90 mmHg or higher)
PLUS any of the following s/s:
Headache dizziness
nape/neck discomfort blurring of vision
 BHWs SHOULD DO
3. Encourage members to exercise regularly , avoid
smoking and excessive intake of alcoholic
beverages and eat nutrient-rich foods to minimize
risk for hypertension

4. Encourage lifestyle modification technique to

prevent and manage hypertension

5. Assist in the assessment of clients using the

Philippine package of essential non-communicable
disease intervention for primary care
 BHWs SHOULD DO
6. For BHWs who already have hypertensive patients
within their catchment areas:
 Constantly remind patients to have regular follow-
up check-up and monitoring of blood pressure levels
 For adequately trained BHWs, take the blood
pressure of hypertensive patients during HH visits
 Constantly remind patients to religiously comply
with medications given to prevent complications
 NEVER take anti-hypertensive drugs without a
doctor’s prescription
 Regularly exercise and eat nutrient-rich foods