Network cabling

Network Cabling
Making connections with Cat5

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Overview
• What cable types are available?
• How do cables work?
• How are cables used in networking?

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• How are connections made?

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Learning Objectives
• List common cable types used in networking
• Describe how UTP cables are made
• Explain how UTP cables are used in Ethernet networks
• Demonstrate the ability to make a working patch cable

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• Name the two wiring standards used for wired Ethernet
networks and their uses

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Common network cable
types
• Coaxial cable

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• Unshielded
twisted pair

• Fiber optic 4
 Twisted-pair
Twisted-pair cable is a type of cabling that is used for telephone
communications and most modern Ethernet networks
A pair of wires forms a circuit that can transmit data. The pairs are twisted
to provide protection against crosstalk, the noise generated by adjacent
pairs.
When two wires in an electrical circuit are placed close together, their

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magnetic fields are the exact opposite of each other. Thus, the two
magnetic fields cancel each other out. They also cancel out any outside
magnetic fields. Twisting the wires can enhance this cancellation effect.

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Types
Two basic types of twisted-pair cable exist:
1. UTP Cable
UTP cable is a medium that is composed of pairs of wires. UTP cable is
used in a variety of networks. Each of the eight individual copper wires
in UTP cable \is covered by an insulating material. In addition, the
wires in each pair are twisted around each other.

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UTP cable relies solely on the cancellation effect produced by the
twisted wire pairs to limit signal degradation caused by
electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference
(RFI).
To further reduce crosstalk between the pairs in UTP cable, the
number of twists in the wire pairs varies.

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UTP
UTP cable often is installed using a Registered Jack 45 (RJ-45)
connector. The RJ-45 is an eight-wire connector used commonly to
connect computers onto a local-area network (LAN), especially
Ethernets.

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Disadvantages
UTP cable is more prone to electrical noise and interference than other
types of networking media, and the distance between signal boosts is
shorter for UTP than it is for coaxial and fiber-optic cables.

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Shielded Twisted-Pair Cable
Shielded twisted-pair (STP) cable combines the techniques of shielding,
cancellation, and wire twisting. Each pair of wires is wrapped in a
metallic foil .The four pairs of wires then are wrapped in an overall
metallic braid or foil.
As specified for use in Ethernet network installations, STP reduces

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electrical noise both within the cable (pair-to-pair coupling, or
crosstalk) and from outside the cable (EMI and RFI). STP usually is
installed with STP data connector, which is created especially for the
STP cable. However, STP cabling also can use the same RJ connectors
that UTP uses.

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STP
Although STP prevents interference better than UTP, it is more
expensive and difficult to install.

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UTP characteristics
• Unshielded
• Twisted (why?) pairs of insulated conductors
• Covered by
insulating sheath

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 UTP categories
Category 1 Voice only (Telephone)

Category 2 Data to 4 Mbps (Localtalk)

Category 3 Data to 10Mbps (Ethernet)

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Category 4 Data to 20Mbps (Token ring)
Category 5 Data to 100Mbps (Fast Ethernet)
Category 5e Data to 1000Mbps (Gigabit Ethernet)
Category 6 Data to 2500Mbps (Gigabit Ethernet) 12
Cat5e cable
• 1000Mbps data capacity
• For runs of up to 90 meters
• Solid core cable ideal for structural installations (PVC or
Plenum)

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• Stranded cable ideal for patch cables
• Terminated with RJ-45 connectors

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RJ45 connector

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Cables
Common Ethernet network cable are straight and crossover cable. This
Ethernet network cable is made of 4 pair high performance cable that
consists twisted pair conductors that used for data transmission. Both
end of cable is called RJ45 connector.

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Cont.
Straight and crossover cable can be Cat3, Cat 5, Cat 5e or Cat 6 UTP
cable, the only difference is each type will have different wire
arrangement in the cable for serving different purposes.

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 Straight Cable
You usually use straight cable to connect different type of devices. This
type of cable will be used most of the time and can be used to:
1) Connect a computer to a switch/hub's normal port.
2) Connect a computer to a cable/DSL modem's LAN port.
3) Connect a router's WAN port to a cable/DSL modem's LAN port.

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Cont.
4) Connect a router's LAN port to a switch/hub's uplink port. (normally
used for expanding network)
5) Connect 2 switches/hubs with one of the switch/hub using an uplink
port and the other one using normal port.

Both side (side A and side B) of cable have wire arrangement with same

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color.

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wire arrangement

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Crossover Cable
Sometimes you will use crossover cable, it's usually used to connect
same type of devices. A crossover cable can be used to:
1) Connect 2 computers directly.
2) Connect a router's LAN port to a switch/hub's normal port.
(normally used for expanding network)

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3) Connect 2 switches/hubs by using normal port in both
switches/hubs.
both side (side A and side B) of cable have wire arrangement with
following different color

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Cross over cable wire arrangement

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NOTE
If there is auto MDI/MDI-X feature support on the switch, hub,
network card or other network devices, you don't have to use
crossover cable in the situation . This is because crossover function
would be enabled automatically when it's needed.

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Making connections - Tools
• Cat5e cable
• RJ45 connectors
• Cable stripper
• Scissors

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• Crimping tool

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Making connections - Steps
1. Strip cable end
2. Untwist wire ends
3. Arrange wires
4. Trim wires to size

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5. Attach connector
6. Check
7. Crimp
8. Test

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Step 1 – Strip cable end
• Strip 1 – 1½” of insulating sheath
• Avoid cutting into conductor insulation

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Step 2 – Untwist wire ends
• Sort wires by insulation colors

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Step 3 – Arrange wires
• TIA/EIA 568A: GW-G OW-Bl BlW-O BrW-Br
• TIA/EIA 568B: OW-O GW-Bl BlW-G BrW-Br

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Step 4 – Trim wires to size
• Trim all wires evenly
• Leave about ½” of wires exposed

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Step 5 – Attach connector
• Maintain wire order, left-
to-right, with RJ45 tab
facing downward

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Step 6 - Check
• Do all wires extend to end?
• Is sheath well inside connector?

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Step 7 - Crimp
• Squeeze firmly to crimp connecter
onto cable end (8P)

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Step 8 – Test

Does the cable

work?

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Let’s go to work!

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