Univariate data Analysis

When we are dealing with one variable of interest

T-Tests (metric (ratio), non metric
data(nominal/ordinal/non normal)
1-One sample T-Test

• Mean GP of LUMS students is different from mean GP of all

universities of province Punjab

• Students’ GP of province Punjab = population GP

• LUMS GP = sample GP
T-Tests one variable of interest
2- Paired sample T test (pre/post
treatment) 3- Independent sample T Test

• Whether the training had an • Whether single and married

effect on performance of the people are different in their
same group consumption patterns

• Same group……pre/post training • IV has 2 independent categories

• Male, female

• Married , unmarried
Hypothesis

• H0 two pairs/ groups are not different on variable of interest

• H1 two pairs/ groups are significantly different on variable of

• interest

• If p value < 0.05 Reject H0, accept H1(significant)

• If p > 0.05 Accept H0 Reject H1
Metric and non metric T tests

Metric Non metric

• DV is continuous/ scale • DV is ordinal or continuous (non
normal)

• Skewness not within -1 and +1

• Kurtosis >3
Assumptions for paired and independent
groups metric T-Tests
  The dependent variable must be continuous (interval/ratio).

 • The observations are independent of one another. (not for

paired)

 • The dependent variable should be approximately normally

distributed.

 • The dependent variable should not contain any outliers.