Instrumen system

tenaga

INSTRUMENTATION
FOR POWER
DISTRIBUTION
ASSESSMENT LE
INSULATOR, CO, ETC
Name : Ahmad Zahir Alfiansyah
Grade : D4 SKL 3C
NIM/Absent: 1841150073 / 01
 CB
Isolator Cable (Circuit Recloser Arrester
Breaker)

FCO (Fuse DS Capacitor Distribution

Cutang (Disconnecting
s Transformer
Out) Switch)
Isolator
Electrical insulator is a material that is difficult to conduct electric
current. In the manufacture of insulators, the material used must
have a large resistance. In materials that have a large specific
resistance, the electrons are very difficult to escape from the
bonding of the nucleus contained in an atom. So this makes the
insulator very difficult for electric current to flow. Electrical
insulators are materials that cannot or are difficult to transfer
electric charge. The valence electrons in insulating materials are
tightly bound to their atoms. Which insulating materials are used in
electronic devices as insulators or inhibitors so that there is no
electric current flow. Objects that cannot be electrified are objects
that have insulators.
 FCO (fuse Cutang
Out)
Fuse Cut Out (FCO) is an electrical circuit breaker that is burdened
on the distribution network that works by fusing parts of its
components (fuse link) which have been specially designed and
adapted to that size. Besides, FCO is a protective equipment that
works in the event of an overcurrent fault. This tool will disconnect
the electrical circuit from one another when a current passes through
its working capacity. The working principle is that when there is a
current disturbance, the fuse at the cut out will break, and this tube
will be released from the top handle, and hang in the air, so that no
current flows into the system.
CABLE
Cable is a medium for conducting electric current
consisting of conductors and insulators. The conductors
or electrical conductors that are usually used by electric
cables are copper and aluminum, although some use
silver and gold as conductors, but these materials are
rarely used because they are very expensive. Meanwhile,
insulators or materials that do not/difficult to conduct
electric current used by electric cables are thermoplastic
and thermosetting materials, namely polymers (plastic
and rubber/rubber) which are formed by heating and
cooling once or several times.
DS (Diaconnecting
Switch)
Separator (PMS) or disconnecting switch is a tool used to visually state that an
equipment is still connected or is free from working voltage. From the above
definition, it can be seen that the function of the separator (PMS) is a device that can
connect or disconnect a circuit with a low current of approximately five amperes (5A).
According to its function the separator is divided into two, namely:
• Earth Separator (Earth Knife)
• Equipment Separator

Meanwhile, according to the movement of the arm, the separator is divided into five,
namely:
1. Swivel Splitter
2. Slide Separator
3. Elbow Separator
4. Hinge Separator
5. Pantograph Separator
 CB (Circuit
Breaker)
Earths is the Circuit Breaker or Power Circuit Breaker (PMT) is an electrical
circuit breaker equipment in an electric power system, which is capable of
opening and closing electrical circuits in all conditions, including short-circuit
currents, according to the rating. Also under normal or abnormal voltage
conditions.
The conditions that must be met by a PMT in order to be able to do the things
above are as follows:
1. Capable of delivering maximum system current continuously.
2. Able to disconnect and close the network under load or connected short
without causing damage to the circuit breaker itself.
3. Can break the short-circuit current at high speed so that the short-circuit
current does not damage the system equipment, make the system lose
stability, and damage the circuit breaker itself. Sun’s mass
 CAPASITOR
Capacitors in electric power systems generate reactive power to improve voltage
and power factor, therefore adding system capacitors will reduce losses. In a
series capacitor the reactive power is proportional to the square of the load
current, while in a parallel capacitor it is proportional to the square of the
voltage. The installation of series and parallel capacitors in the distribution
network results in reduced losses due to reactive power flow in the line so that
the current demand decreases and the voltage increases so that the system
capacity increases.
RECLOSER
In the distribution of electric power to consumers, there are usually
disturbances in the electric power system, among others, caused by short
circuit disturbances. The most common short-circuit faults in medium-
voltage overhead lines are single-phase-to-ground faults which are
temporary in nature. In this case, due to frequent disturbances in the
medium-voltage overhead lines, PT. PLN uses overcurrent protection in
the distribution system on the medium-voltage side, namely by using a
recloser placed in an area prone to interference.
DISTRIBUTION
TRANSFORMER
Distribution transformer or service transformer is a
transformer that provides the final voltage transformation in
the electric power distribution system, reverse the voltage used
in the distribution line to the level used by the customer.
Practically efficient inventions make AC power distribution
feasible; systems using distribution transformers have been
demonstrated since 1882. If mounted on power lines, they are
called pole-mounted transformers. If the distribution line is
located at ground level or below ground, the distribution
transformer which is mounted on concrete pads and is not
locked in a steel box, is known as a distribution tap bearing
mounting transformer.
ARRESTER
Arrester or lightning catcher is a safety
equipment for the installation of an electric
power system or substation from overvoltage
disturbances due to lightning strikes or by
switching surges. The arrester works by
limiting the switching and lightning spikes
which then send the lightning spikes to the
ground.
THANKS
!