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Chapter 13
• Periodic Motion
• Simple Harmonic Motion
• Connections between Uniform Circular
Motion and Simple Harmonic Motion
• The Period of a Mass on a Spring
• Energy Conservation in Oscillatory
Motion
• The Pendulum
• Damped Oscillations
• Driven Oscillations and Resonance
This unit is
called the Hertz:
X = (0.10 m) cos [( 2π/2.4 s) (2.7 s)] = (0.10 m) cos (9π /4) = 7.1 cm
An object in simple
harmonic motion has the
same motion as one
component of an object
in uniform circular
motion:
Si unit: m/s2
Both of these are found by taking
components of the circular motion quantities.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
13-3 Connections between Uniform Circular
Motion and Simple Harmonic Motion
As in example 13-1, an air-track cart attached to a spring completes
one oscillation every 2.4 s. At t =0 the cart is released from rest with
the spring stretched 0.10 m from its equilibrium position. What are the
velocity and acceleration of the cart at (a) 0.30 s and (b) 0.60 s?
T = 2 π (m / k)1/2
K = 4π2m / T2 = 4 π2 (0.260 kg) / 1.12 s)2 = 8.18 kg / s2
K = 8.18 N/m
Kyo = mg
yo = mg / k = (0.26 kg)(9.81 m/s2) / 8.18 N/m
yo = 0.312 m
(b) T = 2 π (m / k)1/2
g - 2g
yo = mg / k - 2yo
1/2mvo = 1/2KA2
A = Vo (m/k)1/2 = (1.32 m /s )(0.98 kg) (245 N / m)1/2
A = 0.0835 m
Calculate the period of one oscillation
T = 2π (m/k)1/2 = 2π (0.98 kg/ 245 N/m)1/2 = 0.397 s
In moving from the equilibrium position of the spring to
maximum compression, the mass has undergone
one-quarter of a cycle; thus the time is T/4.
t = 1/4T = ¼ (0.397 s) = 0.0993 s
T = 2 π (L / g) ½
SI unit : s
g = 4 π2 L / T2
g = 4 π2 (0.627 m) / ( 1.59 s)2 = 9.79 m/s2
y = 1/2gt2 or t = (2y / g ) ½
A physical pendulum is a
solid mass that oscillates
around its center of mass,
but cannot be modeled as a
point mass suspended by a
massless string. Examples: