CAVITY WALL REPORT

1] Introduction -2
-3

CAVITY 2] Wall Ties

3] Position Of Cavity Wall

- 4,5
- 5,6
-7
-8

WALL
4] Construction of cavity wall -8
-9
5] Types Of Insulation

6] Advantage & Disadvantage

7] Conclusion

Apurva Dhawde 8] Reference slide

Sem-ll / Div-A
Roll No:17
 Sound insulation
What Is Cavity Wall?

Cavity wall is constructed with two

separate walls for single wall purpose
with some space or cavity between them.
These two separate walls are called as
leaves of cavity wall. The inner wall is
called as internal leaf and outer wall is
called as external leaf. Cavity wall is also
called as Hollow wall.

For non-load bearing cavity wall, two

leaves are of equal thickness or
sometimes internal leaf with more
thickness is provided. The cavity size
should be in between 4 to 10cm. The
internal and external leaves should have
at least 10 mm thickness.
Purpose Of Cavity Wall
The purpose of cavity walls is to ensure
that the inner leaf of the wall remains dry
and that no moisture penetrates to the
inside of the building.
Where Are Cavity Walls Used?
● Damp Prevention. Cavity walls
reduces the chance of moisture
intrusion from outer leaf to the inner
leaf and thus helps in keeping inside
of the building free from dampness.
● Thermal Insulation. ...
● Sound Insulation. ...
● Efflorescence Prevention. ...
● Economy.
 WALL TIES
The outer leaf is essentially built with a decorative face, generally made of brick. It helps to keep the rainwater out,
at the same time also adds to the wind load resistance of the entire wall. To make sure that the entire wall
structure is stable, the brick outer leaf is kept “tied” to the inner leaf with the use of wall ties. These are plastic or
metal ties that are permanently fixed into the mortar of both block and brick.

The two walls are

tied together with
the metallic or
some terra-cotta
ties to achieve
structural stability.
The wall ties are
spaced 90 cm apart
horizontally and 30
to 45 cm apart
vertically in
staggered positions
to ensure the best
stability.
POSITION OF CAVITY

The cavity should start from the ground level

and ideally should get terminated near eaves
level in case there is a sloping/pitched roof or
near coping in case of a flat roof with the
parapet wall. The cavity should rather start 15
cm below the damp-proof course level. This has
the advantage of draining of any condensed
moisture below the level of the damp-proof
course.
to prevent infiltration of moisture, the bottom of
the cavity should lie at least 15 cm above the
outside ground level. The damp-proof course for
the outer and inner leaves is laid separately
although the same level is ensured. This is vital
to continue the cavity below the damp-proof
course. The cavity is kept fully ventilated by
providing air bricks in the external wall
immediately above the damp-proof course. The
air bricks should be placed 90 cm apart.
Similarly, air bricks are provided near the top of
the cavity.
CONSTRUCTION OF CAVITY WALL
(a) CAVITY WALL AT DOOR OR WINDOW OPENING
The constructional treatment of the cavity wall at the
door or window openings requires some special
arrangement. At the sill level, it is always advantageous
to keep the back of the sill flush with the back face of
the external wall. In case of wooden sills, a horizontal
damp-proof course is a better choice, which ideally
should be made of a flexible construction suitable
material.
At the top of openings of doors and windows, stone or
brick arch or concrete lintel is built to carry the loads
from the structure above the opening. In order to
distribute the load evenly, the cavity may lay
continuous, the two walls should have the separate
lintels or arches.
The damp-proof course should extend lengthwise
beyond the frame for a distance of about 15 cm on
either side. This treatment helps in draining condensed
moisture if any beyond the sides of the frame.
(b) CAVITY WALL AT ROOF
In case of a flat roof, the cavity is
made continuous for the full height
of the parapet wall and is sealed by
the coping. In case of inclined
roofs/pitched roofs, the cavity is
made closed at eaves level. It is
important to take special
precautions so that no mortar fall
inside the cavity during the process
of construction
For this purpose, a wooden batten
of adequate length and having a
width equal to that of the cavity is
used. The batten is supported over
the wall ties and construction of
brick masonry wall is carried out
(on either side of the batten) to the
height where next row of wall ties
has to be provided. By this method,
the cavity remains clean of mortar
droppings.
(b) CAVITY WALL AT PARAPET WALL
If the cavity has to be continued up to the coping
level, the layer of damp-proof course should be laid
continuous covering the full thickness of the wall
immediately below the coping. Damp-proof course
layer is laid alongside the full thickness of the wall
at a level where the cavity joins the solid wall.
Exposure of the two faces of a solid parapet wall
may develop cracks due to the temperature
variations or on account of bad workmanship which
may allow dampness to intrude inside. By
constructing two separate wall thickness, the risk of
moisture and damp infestation can be successfully
reduced/stopped.
Each wall thickness is exposed to the weather on
one side and protected/covered on the other side.
In heavy rainfall areas, when the damp resistance
capacity of the outer wall material exceeds, the
rainwater may find its way into the cavity and gets
harmlessly drained off at suitable points. Thus, the
cavity system of construction works useful for the
parapet walls

TYPES OF CAVITY WALL INSULATION
[1] MINERAL WOOL OR ROCKWOOL
Mineral Wool or Rockwool is the cavity wall
insulation material used commonly for insulation
in residential buildings. It is made from an
igneous rock which is heated and spun to create
fiber material. This is blown into the cavity wall
which then occupies the space between the
exterior and interior walls of the building. The
material is water resistant and it can prevent
moisture intrusion caused by rain, which usually
gets through the outer leaf of the wall to reach
the inside leaf of the building.
[2]POLYSTYRENE BEAD
Expanded Polystyrene Beads or EPS beads are utilized in
the cavity of cavity walls. These are pushed into the cavity
of the walls, which is mixed with an adhesive to hold the
beads together in order to avoid the risk of spilling of the
same outside of the wall. This type of insulation is generally
used in narrower cavity walls. It is a preferred insulation
material rather than using mineral wool insulation.
Polystyrene Bead insulation is also preferred in some
stone-built houses.
[3]CAVITY WALL INSULATION
Urea formaldehyde foam was normally used for the
insulation of cavity walls. This insulation material usually
has the benefit of insertion: the insertion of insulation
material is done via smaller holes which are to be drilled in
the walls or on the brickwork. However, it is not a popular
option presently. Most people use Polyurethane foam both
as cavity wall insulation material and a material to stabilize
the wall structure where the wall ties have been futile, as an
option to replace the wall tie itself. However, where work is
done purely for thermal insulation effect only, either
polystyrene beads or mineral wool are the most preferred
ones
 ADVANTAGE
[1]Cavity walls gives good thermal
insulation keeping a premise warm
in winter and cool in summer.
[2]They offer a good sound
insulation property. A nominal 255
mm cavity wall has a higher sound
insulation value than a standard
thick brick wall. As a result they can
reduce the effect of external sound.
[3]Cavity walls are fire-resistant.
[4]Cavity wall can reduce the risk of
moisture condensation.
[5]The wall can reduce the cooling
cost of the building.
[6]It gives protection against
efflorescence.
DISADVANTAGE
[1]Cavity wall construction requires
good supervision during its
construction phase.
[2]It requires installation of a
vertical damp-proof course to all
openings.
[3]There is always a risk that
moisture may get its way to the
inside, whatever is the insulation
material.
[4]It decreases carpet area
efficiency.
[5]Saturation and settlement of
cavity-fill lead to cold bridging or
thermal bridging.
[6]There is also the possibility that
the installation will leave unfilled air
pockets –causing ‘cold spots’ on
the inside walls which will attract
condensation.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion, we
may safely conclude that you can
control moisture intrusion in your
home by the construction of the
cavity wall as an exterior wall of
your house. Cavity wall also
provides thermal as well as sound
insulation benefits.
However, building cavity wall
requires skilled labor and good
supervision during the construction.
If you can construct it in the right
manner, it will be highly beneficial
for you and your home in terms of
comfort and maintenance.
REFERENCE :
https://gharpedia.com/blog/cavity-wall-advantages-and-disadvanta
ges/
https://www.civilknowledges.com/what-is-cavity-wall/
https://theconstructor.org/structural-engg/cavity-walls-construction-
advantages/14000/
https://www.haringey.gov.uk/housing/housing-advice/home-heat-
loss/home-insulation/cavity-wall-insulation

THANK YOU