JSP Technology: Separating Programming and Presentation Logic

CSI 3140
WWW Structures, Techniques and Standards
Separating Programming and

Presentation:
JSP Technology
JSP
JSP technology is used to create web application. It focuses more on presentation
logic of the web apllication.
JSP pages are easier to maintain then a Servlet. JSP pages are opposite of Servlets.
Servlet adds HTML code inside Java code while JSP adds Java code inside HTML.
Everything a Servlet can do, a JSP page can also do it.
JSP enables us to write HTML pages containing tags that run powerful Java
programs.
JSP separates presentation and business logic as Web designer can design and
update JSP pages without learning the Java language and Java Developer can also write
code without concerning the web design.

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

Lifecycle
A JSP page is converted into Servlet in order to service requests. The

translation of a JSP page to a Servlet is called Lifecycle of JSP. JSP Lifecycle
consists of following steps.
Translation of JSP to Servlet code.
Compilation of Servlet to bytecode.
Loading Servlet class.
Creating servlet instance.
Initialization by calling jspInit() method
Request Processing by calling _jspService() method
Destroying by calling jspDestroy() method

Contd….
Web Container translates JSP code into a servlet class source(.java) file, then
compiles that into a java servlet class.
In the third step, the servlet class bytecode is loaded using classloader. The
Container then creates an instance of that servlet class.
The initialized servlet can now service request. For each request the Web
Container call the _jspService()method.
When the Container removes the servlet instance from service, it calls
the jspDestroy() method to perform any required clean up.


What happens to a JSP when it is translated into Servlet
Let's see what really happens to JSP code when it is translated into Servlet
<html>
<head>
<title>
My First JSP Page</title>
</head>
<% int count = 0; %>
<body>
Page Count is: <% out.println(++count); %>
</body>
</html>

The above JSP page becomes this Servlet
public class hello_jsp extends HttpServlet
{
public void _jspService(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws
IOException,ServletException
{
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
response.setContenType("text/html");
out.write("<html><body>");
int count=0;
out.write("Page count is:");
out.print(++count);
out.write("</body></html>");
}
}

JSP Scripting Element
JSP Scripting element are written inside <% %> tags. These code inside <%
%> tags are processed by the JSP engine during translation of the JSP page. Any
other text in the JSP page is considered as HTML code or plain text.
Scriptlet Tag allow you write java code inside JSP page.
<% java code %>

JSP Scripting Element

JSP Expression Language (EL)
JSP Expression Language (EL) makes it possible to easily access application data
stored in JavaBeans components. JSP EL allows you to create expressions
both (a) arithmetic and (b)logical.
 Within a JSP EL expression, you can use integers, floating point numbers, strings,
the built-in constants true and false for boolean values, and null.
Synatx of EL: ${expression}
<html>
<body>
${1<2}
${1+2+3} </body>
</html>
o/p: true 6

Example 2: Value fetch using param variable of expression
language
In this example we are prompting user to enter name and roll number. On the other JSP page
we are fetching the entered details using param variable of EL.
index.jsp
<html> <body> <form action="display.jsp">
Student Name: <input type="text" name="stuname" />
<br> Student RollNum:<input type="text" name="rollno" /><br>
<input type="submit" value="Submit Details!!"/> </form> </body> </html>
display.jsp
<html>
<body>
Student name is ${ param.stuname } <br>
Student Roll No is ${ param.rollno } </body>
</html>

EL operators:
 Relational: <, >, <=, >=, ==, !=
 Or equivalents: lt, gt, le, ge, eq, ne
 Logical: &&, ||, !
 Or equivalents: and, or, not
 Arithmetic:
 +, - (binary and unary), *
 /, % (or div, mod)
 empty: true if arg is null or empty
string/array/Map/Collection
 Conditional: ? :
 Array access: [ ] (or object notation)
 Parentheses for grouping


JSP Standard Tag Library(JSTL)
JSP Standard Tag Library(JSTL) is a standard library of custom tags. The

JSTL contain several tag that can remove scriplet code from a JSP page.
JSTL are divided into 5 catagories.
Core Tags
Formatting tags
SQL tags
XML tags
JSTL Functions

JSTL Core
: JSTL Core provide several core tags such as if, forEach, import, out etc to support some basic scripting task. Url
to include JSTL Core Tag inside JSP page is:
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
JSTL if tag: The if tag is a conditional tag used to evaluate conditional expression. Example
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<html> <head> <title>Tag Example</title> </head>
<body>
<c:if test="${param.name == 'studytonight' }">
<p>Welcome to ${param.name} </p>
</c:if>
</body>
</html>


JSTL out tag: The out tag is used to evaluate a expression and write the result
to JspWriter. Example
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %> <html>
<head>
<title>Tag Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<c:out value="${param.name}" default="StudyTonight" > </body> </html>
 The value attribute specifies the expression to be written to the JspWriter.
 The default attribute specifies the value to be written if the expression evaluate null.

JSTL forEach tag: The forEach tag provide a mechanism to iteration within a
JSP page. JSTL forEach tag works similar to enhanced for loop of Java
Technology. You can use this tag to iterate over a existing collection of item.
Example
<body>
<c:forEach var="message" items="${errorMsgs}" >
<li>${message}</li>
</c:forEach >
</body>

In this article we are discussing <c:choose>, <c:when> and <c:otherwise>
core tags of JSTL.
These tags are used together like switch-case and default statements in java.
<c:choose> is the one which acts like switch, <c:when> like case which can be
used multiple times inside <c:choose> for evaluating different-2 conditions.
 <c:otherwise> is similar to default statement which works when all the
<c:when> statements holds false.
JSTL set tag: The JSTL set tag is used to store a variable in specified scope
or update the property of JavaBean instance


JSTL SQL tag
The JSTL SQL tag library provides tags for interacting with relational databases
(RDBMSs) such as Oracle, mySQL, or Microsoft SQL Server.
Following is the syntax to include JSTL SQL library in your JSP:
<%@ taglib prefix="sql" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/sql" %>

<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/sql" prefix="sql"%>
<sql:setDataSource var="snapshot" driver="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"

url="jdbc:mysql://localhost/TEST"
user="root" password="pass123"/>
<sql:update dataSource="${snapshot}" var="count">

INSERT INTO Employees VALUES (104, 2);
</sql:update>
<sql:query dataSource="${snapshot}" var="result">

SELECT * from Employees;
</sql:query>

Cont..
<table border="1" width="100%">

<c:forEach var="row" items="${result.rows}">
<tr>
<td><c:out value="${row.id}"/></td>
<td><c:out value="${row.first}"/></td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>

JavaBeans Classes
 JSTL Core actions are designed to be used for simple,

presentation-oriented programming tasks
 More sophisticated programming tasks should still be
performed with a language such as Java
 JavaBeans technology allows a JSP document to call Java
methods
 According to Java white paper, it is a reusable software
component. A bean encapsulates many objects into one object,
so we can access this object from multiple places. Moreover, it
provides the easy maintenance.

JavaBeans Classes
Example
Requirements: JavaBeans class must

 Be public and not abstract
 Contain at least one simple property design pattern method
(defined later)

JavaBeans Classes
Using a JavaBeans class in JSP

It may have a number of "getter" and "setter" methods for the
properties.

JavaBeans Classes
Simple property design patterns

 Two types: getter and setter
 Both require that the method be public
 getter:
 no arguments
 returns a value
 name begins with get (or is, if return type is boolean) followed by
upper case letter
 setter:
 one argument (same type as setter return value)
 void
 name begins with set followed by upper case letter

JavaBeans Classes
EL calls simple property design method in

response to access of bean property:
 Attempt to read property generates call to
associated get/is method (or error if none
exists)
 Attempt to assign value to property generates
call to associated set method (or error)

JavaBeans Classes
Example setter method
Calling setter from JSP

//Employee.java
package mypack;
public class Employee implements java.io.Serializable{
private int id;
private String name;
public Employee(){}
public void setId(int id){this.id=id;}
public int getId(){return id;}
public void setName(String name){this.name=name;}
public String getName(){return name;}

access the java bean class
To access the java bean class, we should use getter and setter methods.
package mypack;
public class Test{
public static void main(String args[]){

Employee e=new Employee();//object is created

e.setName(“xxxx");//setting value to the object

System.out.println(e.getName());

}}

MVC
Many web apps are based on the Model-

View-Controller (MVC) architecture pattern
Model Components
Controller View
HTTP HTTP
request response

MVC
Typical JSP implementation of MVC
Model Components
(beans, DBMS)
Controller View
(Java servlet) (JSP document)
HTTP HTTP
request response

 Model–view–controller (MVC) is a software architectural pattern for
implementing user interfaces. It divides a given software application into three
interconnected parts, so as to separate internal representations of information from
the ways that information is presented to or accepted from the user
 A model is an object representing data or even activity, e.g. a database table The

model is responsible for managing the data of the application. It responds to the
request from the view and it also responds to instructions from the controller to
update itself.

The view A presentation of data in a particular format,
triggered by a controller's decision to present the data. They
are script based templating systems like JSP, ASP, PHP and
very easy to integrate with AJAX technology.
The controller The controller is responsible for responding

to user input and perform interactions on the data model
objects. The controller receives the input, it validates the input
and then performs the business operation that modifies the
state of the data model

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CSI 3140

WWW Structures, Techniques and Standards

Separating Programming and

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

A JSP page is converted into Servlet in order to service requests. The

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

JSP Standard Tag Library(JSTL) is a standard library of custom tags. The

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

<sql:setDataSource var="snapshot" driver="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"

<sql:update dataSource="${snapshot}" var="count">

<sql:query dataSource="${snapshot}" var="result">

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

<table border="1" width="100%">

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

 JSTL Core actions are designed to be used for simple,

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

Requirements: JavaBeans class must

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

Using a JavaBeans class in JSP

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

Simple property design patterns

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

EL calls simple property design method in

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

Example setter method

Calling setter from JSP

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

public int getId(){return id;}

public void setName(String name){this.name=name;}

public String getName(){return name;}

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

Many web apps are based on the Model-

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

Typical JSP implementation of MVC

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

 A model is an object representing data or even activity, e.g. a database table The

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

The controller The controller is responsible for responding

Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson’s slides

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