2010-09 Security Level: Internal Use

LTE System Interfaces

www.huawei.com

Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Objectives

 On completion of this course, you should be able to:

 Know the overall architecture of E-UTRAN, function split
between CN and RAN
 Know the radio interface protocol stack and the function of each
layer
 Know the physical layer functions and basic procedures
 Know S1/X2 interface protocol stack and the functions of the
interfaces.

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page2
References

 3GPP TS 《 36.211 》
 3GPP TS 《 36.300 》
 3GPP TS 《 36.410 》
 3GPP TS 《 36.420 》

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page3
 Contents

1. Overview

2. Radio interface

3. S1 interface

4. X2 interface

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page4
 LTE/SAE Architecture
 MME: Mobility management entity
 PCRF: Policy and Charging Rules Function
SGSN
Gb EPS (Evolved Packet System)
Control plane
GPRS User plane
Iu
BTS BSC/PCU S3
S6d HSS PCRF

S10 S6a
S9
UMTS
MME
Operator Service
NodeB RNC S4 Network
S11 Gx
S12
S1-MME
E-UTRAN S5/8
S1-U SGi
Internet
eNodeB Serving GW PDN GW

A10/A11
S2b Corporate
cdma2000 Internet
BTS
BSC PDSN

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page5
Functional Split between E-UTRAN and EPC

eNB
MME / S-GW MME / S-GW
Inter Cell RRM

RB Control

S1

S1
Connection Mobility Cont.

S1

S1
MME
X2 E-UTRAN
Radio Admission Control eNB
eNB
NAS Security

X2

X2
eNB Measurement
Configuration & Provision
Idle State Mobility
Handling eNB
Dynamic Resource
Allocation (Scheduler)
EPS Bearer Control
RRC

PDCP
S-GW P-GW
RLC
Mobility UE IP address
MAC Anchoring allocation
S1
PHY Packet Filtering
internet

E-UTRAN EPC

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page6
General protocol model for E-UTRAN interfaces
 General principle for S1/X2 is that the layers and planes are logically
independent of each other. Therefore, as and when required, the standardization
body can easily alter protocol stacks and planes to fit future requirements.

Radio Control Plane User Plane

Network
Layer Application
Protocol

Transport Transport Network Transport Network

Network User Plane User Plane
Layer

Signalling Data
Bearer(s) Bearer(s)

Physical Layer

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page7
Control plane protocol stacks

NAS NAS
Relay
RRC S1-AP
RRC S1-AP
PDCP PDCP SCTP SCTP

RLC RLC IP IP
MAC MAC L2 L2

L1 L1 L1 L1

LTE-Uu S1-MME
UE eNodeB MME

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page8
User plane protocol stacks

Application

IP IP

Relay Relay
PDCP GTP-U
PDCP GTP-U GTP-U
GTP-U

RLC RLC UDP/IP UDP/IP UDP/IP UDP/IP

MAC MAC L2 L2 L2 L2

L1 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1

LTE-Uu S1-U S5/S8 SGi

a
UE eNodeB Serving GW PDN GW

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page9
 Contents

1. Overview

2. Radio interface

3. S1 interface

4. X2 interface

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page10
Radio interface protocol stack
NAS
 LTE does not have BMC entity
relay
 All types of RB need PDCP processing S1 S1 Uu Uu

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page11
RRC services and functions

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page12
RRC services and functions
 Broadcast of System Information related to NAS and AS
 Mobility functions including:
 UE measurement reporting and control of the reporting for mobility;
 UE cell selection and reselection and control of cell selection and reselection;
 Context transfer at handover.

 Establishment, maintenance and release of an RRC connection between the UE

and E-UTRAN including:
 Allocation of temporary identifiers between UE and E-UTRAN;
 Configuration of signaling radio bearer(s) for RRC connection:

 Security functions including key management;

 Establishment, configuration, maintenance and release of point to point Radio
Bearers;

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page13
 RRC protocol states & state transitions
 LTE supports 2 RRC states: RRC_IDLE and RRC_CONNECTED

 RRC_IDLE:  RRC_CONNECTED
 PLMN selection;  UE has an E-UTRAN-RRC connection;

 Broadcast of system information;  E-UTRAN knows the cell which the

UE belongs to;
 Paging;
 Network can transmit and/or receive
 Cell re-selection mobility;
data to/from UE;
 No RRC context stored in the eNB
 Neighbor cell measurements;

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page14
Relation between RRC state and NAS states
 EPS Mobility Management (EMM) state includes:
 EMM-DEREGISTERED
 EMMREGISTERED
 EPS Connection Management (ECM) state includes:
 ECM-IDLE
 ECM-CONNECTED

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page15
 E-UTRAN identities

 E-UTRAN Cell Global Identifier (ECGI): used to identify cells globally.

 The ECGI is constructed from the MCC (Mobile Country Code), MNC (Mobile
Network Code) and the ECI (E-UTRAN Cell Identifier).

 ECI: used to identify cells within a PLMN.

 ECI has a length of 28 bits and contains the eNB Identifier.

 Global eNB Identifier: used to identify eNBs globally.

 The Global eNB Identifier is constructed from the MCC (Mobile Country Code),
MNC (Mobile Network Code) and the eNB-Id (eNB Identifier).

 eNB Identifier: used to identify eNBs within a PLMN.

 The eNB Id is contained within the E-UTRAN Cell Identifier

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page16
 Layer 2 in overall
 Layer 2 is split into the following sublayers:
 Medium Access Control (MAC), Radio Link Control (RLC) and
Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)

Radio Bearers

ROHC ROHC ROHC ROHC

PDCP
Security Security Security Security

Segm. Segm. Segm. Segm.

RLC ... ...
ARQ etc ARQ etc ARQ etc ARQ etc BCCH PCCH

Logical Channels

Scheduling / Priority Handling

MAC Multiplexing UE1 Multiplexing UEn

HARQ HARQ

Transport Channels

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page17
 PDCP Sublayer
 The main services and functions of the PDCP sublayer
 Header compression and decompression for user plane data.
 Security functions:
 ciphering and deciphering;
Control Plane
 integrity protection and verification Encryption NAS Signaling
Integrity Checking
RRC
User Plane
IP Header Compression PDCP
Encryption RLC
Sequencing and Duplicate Detection
MAC

PHY
eNB

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page18
 RLC Sublayer
 The main services and functions of the RLC sublayer include:
 Transfer of upper layer PDUs supporting AM, UM and TM
 Error Correction through ARQ (CRC check provided by the physical layer)
 Concatenation of SDUs for the same radio bearer;
 Duplicate Detection; NAS Signaling
 Segmentation; TM (Transparent Mode) RRC
UM (Unacknowledged Mode)
 SDU discard;; AM (Acknowledged Mode) PDCP
Segmentation and Re-Assembly
Concatenation RLC
Error Correction
MAC

PHY
eNB

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page19
 MAC Sublayer
 The main services and functions of the MAC sublayer include:
 Mapping between logical channels and transport channels;
 Multiplexing/demultiplexing of RLC PDUs belonging to one or different radio
bearers into/from transport blocks (TB) delivered to/from the physical layer;
 Priority handling between logical channels of one UE;
 Priority handling between UEs; NAS Signaling

 Error correction through HARQ; RRC

 Padding; Channel Mapping and Multiplexing PDCP

Error Correction - HARQ
Transport format selection; RLC

QoS Based Scheduling
MAC

PHY
eNB

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page20
Physical Layer

Error Detection
FEC Encoding/Decoding NAS Signaling
Rate Matching
RRC
Mapping of Physical Channels
Power Weighting PDCP
Modulation and Demodulation
Frequency and Time Synchronization RLC
Radio Measurements
MIMO Processing MAC
Transmit Diversity
Beamforming PHY
RF Processing eNB

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page21
LTE channel mapping-downlink
NAS Layer ESM EMM IP

RRC Layer RRC

Integrity ROHC
PDCP Layer
Ciphering Ciphering

RLC Layer TM TM TM UM/AM UM/AM

Logical
BCCH PCCH CCCH DCCH DTCH
Channels
MAC Layer
Transport
BCH PCH DL-SCH
Channels

Physical Layer Physical PCFIC PDCC PDSC

PBCH PHICH
Channels H H H

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page22
LTE channel mapping-uplink
NAS Layer ESM EMM IP

RRC Layer RRC

Integrity ROHC
PDCP Layer
Ciphering Ciphering

RLC Layer TM UM/AM UM/AM

Logical
CCCH DCCH DTCH
Channels
MAC Layer
Transport
RACH UL-SCH
Channels

Physical Layer Physical PRAC PUCC PUSC

Channels H H H

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page23
 Transport channels
 Downlink:
 Broadcast Channel (BCH)
 fixed, pre-defined transport format;

 Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH)

 support for HARQ
 support for dynamic link adaptation by varying the modulation, coding and transmit
power;
 possibility to use beam forming;
 support for both dynamic and semi-static resource allocation;
 support for UE DRX to enable UE power saving;
 support for MBMS transmission

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page24
 Transport channels

 Downlink:
 Paging Channel (PCH)
 support for UE DRX to enable UE power saving
 mapped to physical resources which can be used dynamically also for
traffic/other control channels

 Multicast Channel (MCH)

 support for MBSFN combining of MBMS transmission on multiple cells

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page25
 Transport channels
 Uplink:
 Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH)
 possibility to use beam forming
 support for dynamic link adaptation by varying the transmit power and
potentially modulation and coding;
 support for HARQ;
 support for both dynamic and semi-static resource allocation.
 Random Access Channel(s) (RACH)
 limited control information;
 collision risk;

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page26
Physical layer frame structure -FDD
 Type 1, applicable to FDD
 The downlink OFDM sub-carrier spacing is f = 15 kHz, a reduced sub-carrier
spacing f = 7.5 kHz is only for MBMS-dedicated cell

Slot (0.5ms) Subframe (1ms)

Tslot = 15360 x Ts

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Radio Frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10ms

Ts = 1/(15000x2048) =
32.552083ns

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page27
Physical layer frame structure -TDD
• Type 2, applicable to TDD

Special GP (Guard
Subfram DwPTS Period)
e UpPTS (Uplink
(Downlink Pilot
Time Slot) Pilot Time Slot)

0 2 3 4 5 7 8 9

Type 2 Radio Frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10ms

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page 28
Page28
Type 2 Radio Frame Switching Points
Configuration Switching Subframe Number
Point
Periodicity 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 5ms D S U U U D S U U D

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page 29
Page29
Physical layer frame structure-FDD(1/2)
Radio Frame = 10ms

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Ts
7 OFDM
Symbols (Normal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Cyclic Prefix)
Ts
6 OFDM Symbols
(Extended Cyclic 0 1 2 3 4 5
Prefix)
CP (Cyclic
Prefix)

 In the case of 15 kHz sub-carrier spacing there are two cyclic-prefix lengths,
corresponding to seven and six OFDM symbols per slot respectively
 Normal cyclic prefix:
TCP = 160Ts (OFDM symbol #0) , TCP = 144Ts (OFDM symbol #1 to #6)
 Extended cyclic prefix: TCP-e = 512Ts (OFDM symbol #0 to OFDM symbol #5)
 In case of 7.5 kHz sub-carrier spacing, there is only a single cyclic prefix length
TCP-low = 1024Ts, corresponding to 3 OFDM symbols per slot.

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page30
Physical layer frame structure-FDD(2/2)

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page31
 LTE physical resource definition
 Basic definitions
 Resource element
 Resource block

Configuration N scRB UL
N symb

Normal cyclic prefix 12 7

Extended cyclic prefix 12 6

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page32
 Physical layer processing a0 , a1 ,..., a A 1

Transport block
CRC attachment

b0 , b1 ,..., b B 1
 Bit level processing:
Code block segmentation
Code block CRC attachment
 Transport block from MAC layer
cr 0 , cr1 ,..., cr  K r 1
 24 bit CRC is the baseline
Channel coding
 Channel coding: Turbo coding
d r(i0) , d r(1i ) ,..., d r(i )D
r 1

Rate matching

er 0 , er1 ,..., er  Er 1

Code block
concatenation

f 0 , f1 ,..., f G 1

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page33
 Physical layer processing
 Symbol level processing:
 The scrambling stage is applied to all downlink physical channels, and serves the
purpose of interference rejection
 Modulation: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM (64 QAM optional in UE)

Antenna
Codewords Layers Ports

Resource OFDM
Modulation
Scrambling Element Signal
Mapper Mapper Generation
Layer
Precoding
Mapper
Resource OFDM
Modulation
Scrambling Element Signal
Mapper Mapper Generation

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page34
Synchronization signals
 The primary and secondary synchronization signals are used in the cell search
procedure. The particular sequences which are transmitted for the PSS and SSS
in a given cell are used to indicate the physical layer cell identity to the UE
 The synchronization signals are always transmitted on the 62 centre sub carriers
and specified symbols.

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page35
PSS and SSS Location for FDD
Extended CP 0 1 2 3 4 5

PSS (Primary
Bandwidth Synchronization
Sequence)

Normal CP 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
62 72
Subcarri Subcarriers
Bandwidth ers

SSS
(Secondary
Synchronization
Sequence)

Slots 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Radio Frame

Repeated in
slots 0 and 10

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page36
 Synchronization signals
 There are 504 unique physical layer cell identities in LTE, grouped into 168
groups of three identities.
 The three identities in a group would usually be assigned to cells under the
control of the same eNodeB. Three PSS sequences are used to indicate the cell
identity within the group.
 168 SSS sequences are used to indicate the identity of the group.

on Si gnals
onizati
yn c hr
Down link S

cell (1)
NID = 3NID + NID
(2) eNB

Where: NID(1) = 0,…..167

UE NID(2) = 0, 1, or 2

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page37
Physical Cell Identities

SSS - One of 168

Group Identities

eNB eNB

eNB
504 Unique Cell
Identities PSS - One of 3 Identities

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page38
PSS Correlation

Subframe

PSS0

PSS1

PSS2

Correlation

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page39
SSS Correlation

Subframe

SSS

SSS
Device can identify
Cyclic Shift based
Cell ID and frame
on Cell ID and
timing
Subframe (0 or 5)

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page40
Example of SSS Indices

N ID
1 m0 m1 N ID
1 m0 m1 N ID
1 m0 m1 N ID
1 m0 m1 N ID
1 m0 m1

0 0 1 34 4 6 68 9 12 102 15 19 136 22 27
1 1 2 35 5 7 69 10 13 103 16 20 137 23 28
2 2 3 36 6 8 70 11 14 104 17 21 138 24 29
3 3 4 37 7 9 71 12 15 105 18 22 139 25 30
. . . . .
. . . . 167 2 9
33 3 5 67 8 11 101 14 18 135 21 26

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page41
 Cell search procedure
 The first step of cell search is to do matched filtering between the received
signal and the sequences specified for the primary synchronization signal,
When the output of the matched filter reaches its maximum, the terminal is
likely to have found timing on a 5 ms basis, and the identity within the cell-
identity group.
 The second step is to detects the cell-identity group, by observing pairs of slots
where the secondary synchronization signal is transmitted, since each
combination (s1, s2) in subframe zero and five represents one of the cell
identity groups uniquely
 In the case of the initial synchronization, in addition to the detection of
synchronization signals, the UE proceeds to decode the Physical Broadcast
CHannel (PBCH), from which critical system information is obtained.

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page42
Cell Search
Frame - 10ms
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

5MHz (25
Resource
Blocks)

PSS

SSS

PBCH

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page43
Downlink Reference signals
 Cell-specific downlink reference signals
 The reference signal is used to make channel estimation and carry out downlink coherent
detection and demodulation
 The RS sequence also carries unambiguously one of the 504 different cell identities
 Cell-specific reference symbol arrangement in the case of normal CP length for one
antenna port:

Physical Cell ID = 0 Physical Cell ID = 8

RS position is based R R
R R on Physical Cell ID
(Physical Cell ID mod R R
R R 6)
R R
eNB eNB
R R
R R
R R

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page44
Downlink Reference signals
 Cell-specific downlink reference signals in case of 2 and 4 antenna port

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page45
 Downlink Physical channels
 Physical broadcast channel (PBCH)
 P-BCH transmitted only in the centred frequency, BW is 72 subcarriers
 P-BCH use QPSK
 P-BCH occupy symbol 7,8,9,10 of the centred 6RB
 P-BCH is used to carry BCH for system information broadcast
 Only MIB (Master Information Block) which consists of a limited number of the most
frequently transmitted parameters essential for initial access to the cell is carried on
PBCH
 Other System Information Blocks (SIBs) which, at the physical layer, are multiplexed
together with uncast data are transmitted on the Downlink Shared Channel

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page46
 PBCH-physical broadcast channel

MIB

CRC

Bandwidth
System
Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Scrambling
Modulation
Layer Mapping PBCH
Precoding
Mapping to REs

10ms Frame

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page47
 Downlink Physical channels

 Physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH)

 PDSCH is used to carry DL-SCH, PCH and BCH
 User data, broadcast system information which is not carried on the PBCH,
and paging messages may be transmitted on PDSCH

 Physical multicast channel (PMCH)

 PMCH is used to carry MCH for MBMS service

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page48
 Downlink Physical channels
 Physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH)
 Carries information about the number of OFDM symbols used for
transmission of PDCCHs in a subframe.
 Three different CFI values are used in the first version of LTE.
 In order to make the CFI sufficiently robust each codeword is 32 bits in
length. These 32 bits are mapped to 16 resource elements using QPSK
modulation
 In order to achieve frequency diversity, the 16 resource elements carrying the
PCFICH are distributed across the frequency domain. This is done according
to a predefined pattern in the first OFDM symbol in each downlink
subframe.

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page49
 Downlink Physical channels
 Physical downlink control channel (PDCCH)
 Informs the UE about the resource allocation of PCH and DL-SCH, and
Hybrid ARQ information related to DL-SCH
 Carries the uplink scheduling grant
 Multiple PDCCHs can be transmitted in a subframe
 The set of OFDM symbols possible to use for PDCCH in a subframe is the
first n OFDM symbols where n  3

 Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH)

 Carries Hybrid ARQ ACK/NAKs in response to uplink transmissions.

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page50
 Downlink resource allocation sample

72 center RE

Control channel Sync channel PBCH

CFI/PHI/PDCCH

User 1 PDSCH User 2 PDSCH

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page51
 Uplink Reference signals
 Uplink Reference signal
 Two types of uplink reference signals are supported:
 Demodulation reference signal (DM RS), associated with transmission of PUSCH or
PUCCH, are primarily used for channel estimation for coherent demodulation
 Sounding reference signal (SRS), not associated with transmission of PUSCH or PUCCH,
primarily used for channel quality determination to enable frequency-selective scheduling
on the uplink

 The uplink reference signals in LTE are based on Zadoff–Chu (ZC) sequences, which
satisfy these properties:
 Good autocorrelation properties for accurate channel estimation.
 Good cross-correlation properties between different RSs to reduce interference from RSs
transmitted on the same resources in other (or, in some cases, the same) cells.

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page52
 Uplink Reference signals
 Demodulation reference signal (DM RS)
 The DM RSs associated with uplink PUSCH data or PUCCH control transmissions
are primarily provided for channel estimation for coherent demodulation, and are
present in every transmitted uplink slot.
 The DM RSs of a given UE occupy the same bandwidth as its PUSCH/PUCCH
data transmission (same RBs)
 The position of uplink reference signals in a slot:

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page53
 Uplink Reference signals
 Sounding reference signal (SRS)
 The subframes in which SRS are transmitted by any UE within the cell are indicated
by cell-specific broadcast signalling (‘srsSubframeConfiguration’)
 The SRS transmissions are always in the last SC-FDMA symbol in the configured
subframes

 The eNodeB in LTE may either request an individual SRS transmission from a UE
or configure a UE to transmit SRS periodically until terminated
 The specific SRS bandwidth to be used by a given UE is configured through RRC
signalling

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page54
 Uplink Physical channels

 Physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)

 carries data from the Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH) transport channel

 Physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)

 Carries Hybrid ARQ ACK/NAKs in response to downlink transmission;
 Carries Scheduling Request (SR);
 Carries CQI reports.

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page55
 Uplink Physical channels
 Physical random access channel (PRACH)
 Carries the random access preamble
 One or several subframes is reserved for preamble transmission in a frame, and In
the frequency domain, the random-access preamble has a bandwidth corresponding
to six resource blocks
 The physical layer random access burst consists of a cyclic prefix, a preamble, and
a guard time to avoid interference
 A fixed number (64) of preamble signatures is available

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page56
Initial Procedures
Uplink Synchronization
Complete

Power On PLMN/Cell RACH

Cell Search
Selection Process

Downlink Synchronization
Complete

No

Identify
Identify RACH Send Receive
PRACH
Preambles Preamble Response
Format

Yes

Send RRC MAC

Decode SRB
Connection Connection
Response Established
Request Resolution

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page57
Uplink Physical channels
 Contention-based random access procedure

On request of higher layers which should provides:

Random access channel parameters, a single preamble is
transmitted using an random selected preamble sequence

network transmitting a timing advance

command and assigns uplink resources to
the terminal to be used in the third step

transmission of the mobile-terminal identity to the network, C-

RNTI(LTE-CONNECTED) or a CN terminal identifier(IDLE)

contention-resolution message is transmitted on the DL-SCH, If the

terminal has not yet been assigned a C-RNTI, the temporary identity
from the second step is promoted to the C-RNTI, Terminals which do
not find a match between the identity are considered failed

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page58
LTE channel mapping

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page59
 Contents

1. Overview

2. Radio interface

3. S1 interface

4. X2 interface

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page60
 S1 Interface architecture
 S1 functions:
 S1 UE context management function:
 Establishment/release SAE bearer context, security context, UE S1 signaling
connection ID(s), etc.
 SAE bearer management functions
 GTP-U tunnels management function
 S1 Signalling link management function
EUTRAN EPC
 Intra-LTE handover “S1-MME” MME
 Inter-3GPP RAT handover MME
eNode
B
 Paging function
 Network sharing function
S-GTW
 NAS node selection function eNode
S-GTW
B
 Security function
“S1-U”

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page61
S1 Interface

S1-MME S1-U

eNB MME eNB S-GW

Control Plane User Plane

S1AP GTP-U

SCTP UDP

IP IP

Layer 2 Layer 2

Layer 1 Layer 1

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page62
 Contents

1. Overview

2. Radio interface

3. S1 interface

4. X2 interface

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page63
 X2 Interface architecture
 X2 functions:
 Intra LTE-Access-System Mobility Support for UE in LTE_ACTIVE:
 Context transfer from source eNB to target eNB;
 Control of user plane tunnels between source eNB and target eNB;
 Handover cancellation.

 Load Management
 Inter-cell Interference Coordination
 Uplink Interference Load Management;

 General X2 management and error handling functions:

 Error indication.

 Trace functions

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page64
X2 Interface

X2

eNB eNB

Control Plane User Plane

X2AP GTP-U
SCTP UDP
IP IP
Layer 2 Layer 2
Layer 1 Layer 1

Copyright
Copyright
© 2010
© 2010
Huawei
Huawei
Technologies
Technologies
Co.,
Co.,
Ltd.
Ltd.
AllAll
rights
rights
reserved.
reserved. Page65
Thank you
www.huawei.com