URBAN DESIGN

TECHNO INDIA UNIVERSITY

4TH YEAR, 7TH SEM

Pallabi Banerjee
Architect Planner
B.Arch, M.Plan(with specialization in Housing)
 CHAPTERS
Chapter 1 Chapter 2
 Urban Design Definition  Evolution of Urban Design
 Objectives of Urban Design  Ancient system of town
 Aspects of development planning in India
form  Ancient text and treatise
 Elements of urban design on planning in India
Chapter 5 Chapter 6
 Planning of new towns in  Terminologies in U.D
India:  Urban Conservation and
Chandigarh, Gandhinagar Heritage Protection
and Bhubaneshwar  International treaty,
charter and conventions
Chapter 3 Chapter 4
 Urban Design Theory  Contribution of eminent
 Urban Design Theorist architects and planners:
Ebenezer Howard, Patrick
Geddes, Lewis Mumford,
Robert Owen, C.A Doxiadis,
Tony Garnier, Le Corbusier
Chapter 7 Chapter 8
 Tools and techniques  URDPFI guidelines
 Scale in Urban Area  Assignments
 Survey in Urban Design  Additional Informations
 Mapping a city
“ design a thing by considering it in its next larger

context- a chair in a room, a room in a house, a house in a

community, a community in a city.”

- Eliel Saarinen
 Chapter 1

A. Urban Design Definition

B. Objectives of Urban Design
C. Aspects of Development form
D. Elements of Urban Design
 1A
Urban Design Definition
• The art of creating and shaping cities and
towns.
Architecture
• Urban design involves place-making.

• UD is neither big architecture nor limited to urban

landscape issues.
Infrastructure Public Spaces
• UD is a problem-solving activity with

applications to spatial decision-making at all

scales of urban planning.
• Urban design  is about making connections Urban Design
between people and places, movement and urban
form, nature and the built fabric.
 1A
Urban Design Operates at 3 Scales
the the the BLOCK
City and Town District and Corridor Street and Building
REGION NEIGHBORHOOD
 1A
Urban v/s Rural

URBAN RURAL

High Population Density Low Population Density

High Development Low Development
Cities, Towns Villages

How much “HIGH” is CONSIDERED to be

 1A
What is the meaning of Urban ??

STATUTORY For the Census of India 2011, the definition of urban area is as follows;
TOWN
1. All places with a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified town area

CENSUS committee, etc.

TOWN 2. All other places which satisfied the following criteria:

i) A minimum population of 5,000;

ii) At least 75 per cent of the male main working population engaged in
non-agricultural pursuits; and
iii) A density of population of at least 400 persons per sq. km.
 1A
What is CENSUS ??

Population Census is the total process of collecting, compiling, analyzing or otherwise

disseminating demographic, economic and social data pertaining, at a specific time,

of all persons in a country or a well-defined part of a country. As such, the census provides
snapshot of the country's population and housing at a given point of time.

Why CENSUS ??

The census provides information on size, distribution and socio-economic, demographic

and other characteristics of the country's population.

1A
 1A
What is Urban Agglomeration ??

 An urban agglomeration is a continuous urban spread constituting a

town and its adjoining outgrowths (OGs), or two or more physically
contiguous towns together with or without outgrowths of such towns.
 An Urban Agglomeration must consist of at least a statutory town and

its total population (i.e. all the constituents put together)

should not be less than 20,000 as per the 2001 Census.
 Examples: Greater Mumbai UA, Delhi UA, etc.
 1A
“Growth for the sake of growth is the ideology of the cancer cell”
- Edward Abbey
 1B
Objectives of Urban Design
The 7 objectives of good urban design are well established. 

2. Continuity and 3. Quality of the

1. Character
Enclosure public realm

4. Ease of
movement

5. Legibility 6. Adaptability 7. Diversity

 1C
Aspects of Development Form

Topography, landscape & Environment Urban Structure

Urban form
Social and Economic Fabric Urban Grain

Density + Mix

Scale
Height + Massing
Streetscape + Landscape

Public Realm
Appearance
Façade + Interface

Details + Materials
 A. Coarse Grain Street Pattern 1C
URBAN STRUCTURE

URBAN GRAIN
B. Fine Grain Street Pattern
 1C

DENSITY + MIX
 1C

75 DWELLINGS PER HECTARE 75 DWELLINGS PER HECTARE 75 DWELLINGS PER HECTARE

HEIGHT + MASSING
 1C
STREETSCAPE + LANDSCAPE

OR

WHICH ONE WILL YOU PREFER ???

BEFORE

AFETR
SIDEWALK
CAFÉ
FAÇADE + INTERFACE

DESIGN + MATERIALS
1C
 1D
Elements of Urban Design

Buildings Public space Streets Transport Landscape

 Residential Building Commercial Building Institutional Building 1D
Buildings
 Buildings are the most
pronounced elements
of urban design.
Kanchanjunga Apartments The Capital BKC International Management Institute
 They shape and Architect: Charles Correa Architect: Wadhwa group Architect: Abin Design Studio

articulate space by Educational Building Religious Building Industrial Building

forming the streetwalls of
the city.

 Well designed buildings and

groups of buildings work
together to create a sense
of place.
Rajasthan School Lotus temple Infosys Multiplex, Mysore
Architect: Sanjay Puri Architect: Fariborz Sahba Architect: MGS Architecture
 1D
Public Space
 Great public spaces are the living room
of the city.
 The place where people come together to
enjoy the city and each other.
Saint Peter’s Square in Vatican Times Square in New York
 Public spaces make high quality life in

the city possible - they form the stage

and backdrop to the drama of life.

 Public spaces range from grand central
plazas and squares, to small, local
neighborhood parks.

Manila Baywalk Plaza Mayor, Madrid

 1D
Streets
 Streets are the connections between
spaces and places, as well as being
spaces themselves.
 They are defined by their physical

dimension and character as well as Main Street Overpass

the size, scale, and character of the

buildings that line them.
 The pattern of the street network is
part of what defines a city and what
makes each city unique.

Freeway Alley
 1D
Transport
 Transport systems connect the parts of cities

and help shape them, and enable movement

throughout the city.
 They include road, rail, bicycle, and pedestrian

networks, and together form the total

movement system of a city.
 The balance of these various transport

systems is what helps define the quality and

character of cities, and makes them either

friendly or hostile to pedestrians..
 1D
Landscape
• The landscape is the green part of the city that

weaves throughout - in the form of urban

parks, street trees, plants, flowers, and water in
many forms.
• The landscape helps define the character and
beauty of a city and creates soft, contrasting
spaces and elements. Central Park, New york
• Green spaces in cities range from grand
parks such as Central Park in New York City
and the Washington DC Mall, to small intimate
pocket parks.

Pocket Parks
Urban Design  weaves together these elements into a coherent, organized design
structure

Urban Design  Structure defines the Urban form and the Building form
 Assignment : Chapter 1

1. Study Urban and Rural Statistics of India, and West Bengal. (Check Census Data.
Present it in infographics. (Max: 3 slides)
2. Find out the definition of your native place. (Urban or Rural) and its socio-economic
demography. (Max: 2 slides)
3. Study and sketch the urban characteristics of your place.
4. Study the pattern of Urban Agglomeration constituents in West Bengal.
 Chapter 2

A. Evolution of Urban Design/

Urban Form
B. Ancient system of town
planning in India
C. Ancient text and treatise on
planning in India
 2A
Evolution of Urban Form
Urban Form Determinants:
Natural and Man Made

Early Settlements Islamic Renaissance Industrial Age Post Modernism/

(Prehistoric – 6000 B.C) (400 A.D) & Baroque Neo Modernism
Clusters, Aesthetic Dark Era Structuralism,
Cul-de-sac, determinant, Brutalism
privacy urban scenery

Classical Medieval Period 19th Century Modern Age New Urbanism

The concept of (3500 B.C) (900 A.D)
center cardinal Modernism, Revisionism &
directions, scale Scale, Hierarchy of Buildings and Grand Urban Renewal Rationalism, Pragmatism
and axis. proportion, streets, the wall. The and extension plans Standardization
focal point, market place, the church,
visual linkage visual linkages
 2A
Urban Form Determinants for Early
Natural Determinants
Settlements
Topography Climate Materials

Seafront Island Peninsula

Clustered settlement Stone construction

River bank Hill and Flat, open

origin Ridge top location Linear and Scattered Mud construction
 2A
Urban Form Determinants for Early
Man-made Determinants Urban growth structures
Settlements
Trade Political/ Religious
Defense, mobility, ethnic issues

Land route
crossing Typical summerian city, ziggurat UR Harappan city, western citadel

Ancient Greek city, temple on its Acropolis Norman Castle Organic Growth
Intersection of
land and water
routes

Church in medieval European village Church in Latin American city

At entrance
to mountain
passes Grid iron pattern
Squares of different locations
 2A
Medieval Town : the Wall, the Marketplace, the Church

Medieval town origins: Castrum, Burg or Village

 Agriculture surplus leads to an

increase on non-agricultural
specialists which leads to
goods to be secured and
defended.
 An essential characteristics of
both the village types is the
long back garden, which was
attached to each dwelling, and
which in many instances was
approached from the rear by
an access lane.
 2A
The WALL The MARKET PLACE
 As a defensive  The whole city as a market place, trade as a raison d-etre.
element, but also as a  The need to trade of every citizen increases the value of the
toll. façade length.
 The importance of
staying within the
wall lead to a massive
densification of the
cities.
2A
 Renissance and Baroque 2A

Aesthetic determinant Aggrandizement and Urban Scenery

As the representation of the enclosement
new humanism ideas Unifying individual buildings through Implementation of the “ main
the repetition of basic façade or street”, or street hierarchy .
elevation

Enclosed space for civic, religious,

commercial or residential purposes.
 2A

Cannon-proof geometries
Avoid perpendicular impact of the
bullets on the wall, both in cross
section and floor plan
Extend the distance between the
enemy and the city, the thickened
wall

Renaissance Ideal Cities

Increasing size of the diverse
elements according to scale of
intersection
2A
 19 th Century 2A
Grand Urban Renewals and Extension Plans

Objectives:

- Hygienization
- Mobility
- Speculation
- Riot Control

“ Speculative Philanthropy”

Barcelona, the scientific

method for Urban Planning
 Industrial Age (Dark Era)
 Was characterized by rapid urbanization and broke down pre industrial order.
 The provision of public spaces, educational facilities, community building and
all those aspect that didn’t attract economic profit were rejected.
 Some of the concept that emerged out of there-

a. Sub-urban Decentralization – William Morris

b. Garden city – Ebenezer Howard
c. Conservation and Park Movement – Frederick Law Omlsted
d. Artistic city Planning – Camilo Sitte
e. Linear City- Artura S.Y Matta
f. Ideal Industrial City- Tony Garnier
g. Floating city concept – K.Kikutake
 2A
Garden cities: First failure of Urban Design as a social tool

 Designed as a set of self-sufficient rather dense

autonomous cities of 30.000 inhabitants
 included social venues, housing, factories and
green recreational spaces
 Dependence on the private funding.
 Ideas got blurred in favour of private, higher
class interests.
 Modern Age 2A

 Design were to be served by a sophisticated transport system

 Urban Renewal, Slum clearance took central stage

a. City beautiful Movement –

Daniel Burham
b. Plan Vision for Paris
(Le Corbusier)
c. Broad Acre City-
(Frank Lyod Wright)
d. Circulation Model –
(Louis Khan)
Modernism, a whole new city

confidence on the human being to give a brand new

solution to the action of inhabiting, applying tabula
rasa on the past as a restricting and unjustified
heritage.

Mechanization of the city

hygienization: sun, ventilation, space

full dissociation between pedestrians, streets and
buildings, the city in the nature
industrialization, technification
scientific management (taylorism)
zoning
social equality through homogenization

every citizen deserves the same house, the same

public space, the same facilities
optimization of urban functions through dissociated
and individual design of them, seperately.
 Post Modernism/ Neo Modernism 2A

 The common theme in Neo-Modernist work is the attempt to deconstruct

modernist architectural form.
 Complex in nature, Dynamic designs, antifunctional appearance

a. Parc de la villete – Paris – Bernard Tschumi

b. Cardiff Opera House- Zaha hadid
c. Guggenheium Museum (Bilbao, Spain)- Frank O Gehry
 New Urbanism 2A

 Is a planning and development approach based on the principles of all cities

and towns which had been built for last several centuries, walkable blocks
and streets, housing and shopping, enclosed proximity and accessible public
spaces.

a. Walkable city or Neighborhood –community

b. Florida designed by Andres Duany.
 2B
Ancient system of Town Planning in India

• Town planning is not new idea or science in India.

• It is as old as its rich culture and tradition.
• Following are the development stages of town planning
in India.
1. Ancient India- Vedic Period
2. Indus Valley civilization
3. Buddhist Period
4. Medieval Period (14th Century)
5. Moghul Period (1526 to 1707 A.D.)
6. Pre-independence or British Period (till 1947)
7. Post Independence Period.
1. Evolution of Vedic Civilization
 2B
Regional Consideration
Chanakya’s Arthasasthra
 A city - located centrally to facilitate trade and commerce.
 The site - large in area, and near a perennial water body .

 Shape - circular, rectangular or Square as would suit the topography.

 Separate areas for marketing different goods.

 Wall around the town, - 6 dandas high and

12 dandas wide. Beyond this wall there should be three moats

of 14‘, 12’and 10’ wide to be constructed four arm-lengths
apart. Depth – 3/4th of width.
 Three-east west and three north –
South roads, should divide the town.
 The main roads should be 8 dandas wide and other roads 4 dandas wide.

 1 well for 10 houses.


Ancient Town Classification
1. Dandaka
 Streets are straight
and cross each other at
right angles
 4 gates on 4 sides
 Village is
rectangular/square
 2 transverse street at
the extremities have
single row of houses.
 Village office located
in east.
 Female Diety located
outside the village.
2B
2. Sarvathobhadra
Sarva- All, Bhadra- People
 This type of town plan is
applicable to larger villages
and towns, which have to be
constructed on a square sites.
 According to this plan, the
whole town should be fully
occupied by houses of various
descriptions and inhabited by
all classes of people.
 The temple dominates the
village
 2B
Ancient Town Classification
3. Nandyavarta 4. Padmaka
 This plan is commonly used
for the construction of
 This type of plan was
towns and not for villages.
practiced for building of
 It is generally adopted for the the towns with fortress
sites either circular or all round.
square in shape, 3000 –
 The pattern of the plan
4000 HOUSES.
resembles the petals of
 The streets run parallel to lotus radiating outwards
the central adjoining streets from the center.
with the temple of the
presiding deity in the center  The city used to be
of the town. practically an island
surrounded by water,
 “Nandyavarta” is the name of having no scope for
a flower, the form of which expansion.
is followed in this layout.

Ancient Town Classification
5. Swastika
 Swastika type of plan
contemplates some
diagonal streets dividing
the site into certain
rectangular plots.
 The site need not be marked
out into a square or rectangle
and it may be of any shape.
 A rampart wall surrounds
the town, with a moat at its
foot filled with water.
 Two main streets cross
each other at the center,
running south to north and
west to east.
2B
6. Prastara
 The characteristic feature of
this plan is that the site may
be either square or
rectangular but not
triangular or circular.
 The sites are set apart for the
poor, the middle class, the
rich and the very rich, the
sizes of the sites increasing
according to the capacity of
each to purchase or build
upon.
 The main roads are much
wider compared to those of
other patterns.
 The town may or may not be
surrounded by a fort.
 2B
Ancient Town Classification
7. Karmuka 8. Chaturmukha

 This plan is suitable for the place where the site of the  Chaturmukha type of plan
town is in the form of a bow or semi-circular or is applicable to all
parabolic and mostly applied for towns located on the towns starting from the
seashore or riverbanks. largest town to the
 The main streets of the town run from north to south smallest village.
or east to west and the cross streets run at right-angles  The site may be either
to them, dividing the whole area into blocks. square or rectangular
 The presiding deity, commonly a female deity, is having four faces.
 The town is laid out east
installed in the temple build in any convenient place.
to west lengthwise,
with four main streets.
 The temple of the
presiding deity will be
always at the center
 2B
2. Indus Valley Civilization
Indus Valley Civilization (3000 B.C.)
Also referred to as HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION & SARASWATHI SINDHU CIVILIZATION.
Between INDUS RIVER AND THE GHAGGAR- HAKRA RIVER [Pakistan and North Western India]

Development of Cities
CLASSIFICATION OF TOWNS
 Cities grew out of earlier villages that existed in the
 Small villages / hamlets – 0 – 10 hectares
same locality for <100 yrs.  Large towns – 10- 50 hectares
 Cities – 50 hectares
 Grew in size & density and surrounded by numerous
towns & villages IMPORTANT CITIES
 Cities interlinked by trade & economic activities,
religious beliefs, social relations etc.
 Vast agricultural lands, rivers & forests by pastoral
communities , fisher folk and hunters surrounded each
city
 2B
Town Planning Concept
 Sophisticated & advanced urban culture
 Streets in perfect grid patterns in both Mohenjo-Daro &
Harappa
 World’s first sanitation system
 Individual wells and separate covered drains along the
streets for waste water
 Houses opened to inner courtyards & smaller lanes
 Impressive dockyards, granaries, warehouses, brick
platforms & protective walls
 Massive citadels protected the city from floods &
attackers
 City dwellers – traders & artisans
 All the houses had access to water & drainage facilities
 2B
Mohen Jo Daro
Settlement Division
 No fortification
 Major streets in North-South
direction.
 Intersection at right angles
 Streets within built up areas
were narrow.
 Distinct zoning for different
groups.
 Religious, institutional &
cultural areas – around
monastery & great bath in the
western part
 North – agriculture & industries
 South – administration, trade &
commerce
 2B
Mohen Jo Daro
Construction techniques Great Bath Granary
 12x7x3 M IN DIMENSIONS  50x40 M IN DIMENSION, 4.5 m tall
 Buildings – masonry construction
 Earliest public water tank in  Massive mud brick foundation
by Sun dried bricks
Ancient world  2 rows of six rooms along a
 Ranging from 2 rooms to mansions
 Ledge extends for the entire central passageway
with many rooms
Width of pool  A wooden superstructure
 Underground sewerage & drainage
 Watertight floor – thick layer of supported in some Places by large
from houses
Bitumen columns would have been built On
 Helical pumps for pumping water
 Floor slopes in south west top of the brick foundations, with
in Great bath
Corner with a small outlet stairs leading up from the central
 Principal buildings – monastery &
Connecting to a brick drain passage area.
bath - Indicating religious culture
 Rooms located in the east  Small triangular openings – air
ducts for fresh Air beneath hollow
floors
 2B
Harappa
Town Planning Concept
 Citadel mound and lower town surrounded by a massive
brick wall.
 Citadel had square towers and bastions.
 Large open areas inside the gateway may have been used as
a market or checkpoint for taxing goods coming into
the city
 Outside the city walls a cluster of houses may
represent Temporary rest stops for travelers and caravans
 No division of the society is reflected in the
layout of the city. Since large public buildings, market
areas, large and small houses as well as craft
workshops have been found in the same
neighbourhood.
 Barrack-like group of single-roomed tenements
were for the poorer classes
 2B
Harappa
Town Planning Concept
 Basic house plans
- single room tenements
- houses with courtyards
 Houses - rooms on 3 sides opening into a central courtyard
 Nearly all large houses had private wells.
 Hearths ( brick- or stone-lined fireplace or oven often used
for cooking and/or heating) common in rooms.
 Bathrooms in every house with chutes leading to drainage
channels.
 First floor bathrooms also built.
 Brick stairways provided access to the upper floors.
 Houses built with a perimeter wall and adjacent houses
were separated by a narrow space of land.
 Granary with areas for threshing grains.
 Burnt bricks mainly used for drains, wells and bathrooms.
 Sun dried bricks used mainly for fillings.
 Timber used for flat roofs and as frames or lacing for
brickwork
 2B
Harappa
Architecture Architecture: Large Public Structures
 Building materials - mud bricks and baked
bricks, wood and reeds.  Large buildings -administrative or ritual
 The average size of the bricks was 7 x 12 x 34 cm structures.
(for houses) and 10 x 20 x 40 cm for the city walls.  Access routes or provided thoroughfare from one
The larger bricks have A standard ratio of 1:2:4.
Area to another.
 Mud brick, baked brick & wood or stone were used
 Markets and public meetings held in large open
for the Foundation and walls of the houses.
Courtyards.
 The doors ,windows were made from wood and
 Houses and public buildings grouped with shared
mat.
 House floors -hard-packed earth
Walls and formed larger blocks & accessed by wide
 Bathing areas and drains - baked brick and Streets.
stone.  Most houses had private baths &toilets as well as
Private wells.
 Roofs -wooden beams covered with reeds and
packed clay.
 Largest buildings made entirely of wood.
 Windows – shutters & lattice work

Harappa
Drainage System
 Wells and reservoirs - drinking and bathing.
 Wells were lined with specially-made
wedgeshaped Bricks to form a structurally sound
Cylinder.
 Ropes were used to lift the water out, probably
with Leather or wooden buckets.
 Some neighbourhoods had communal wells.
2B
 Bathing platforms with water tight floor & drains [open
out to larger drains in streets ] provided in rooms adjacent
To the wells.
 Drains and water chutes in the upper storeys were
Often built inside the wall with an exit opening just above
The street drains.
 Tapered terracotta drainpipes were used to direct
Water out to the street.
 Many houses had distinct toilets, separate from the bath
areas.
 Commodes were large jars or sump pots sunk into the
floors and many of them contained a small jar.
 Drains covered with baked bricks or dressed stone
Blocks. Garbage bins were provided along the major
Streets.
 3. Buddhist Period
• Buddhist Period (up to 320 A.D.)
• Chanakya was the chief minister who wrote the
famous ‘Arthshastra’, a treatise (formal writing) on
Town Planning.
• It states the regulation of zoning depending on
communities, highways to be parallel to the main
cardinal direction i.e. grid iron pattern.
• Width of Raj Marg to be not less than 30ft.
• It clearly shows that the art of Town Planning had
made much progress as long back as third century B.C.
• The capital was laid on grid-iron pattern consisting of
16 sectors.
• Most of the houses had gardens with wells and ponds.
• Waste water was carried out by means of underground
drainage.
The four main gates were oriented to the cardinal points
of the compass and were wide enough for the elephants
to pass through easily.
 4. Medieval Period

Key Plan of Walled city Jaipur

 5. Medieval Period
• Cities like Agra, Delhi were re-developed.
• Fatehpur-Sikri was entirely planned.
• Fortification strengthened Bijapur, Lucknow.
• Other important thing started in this period was
laying of gardens and parks.
• It was a new trend in planning many
ornamental gardens of Moghul period (some of
them are still in good conditions)
• Kabul Bagh at Panipat by Babar
• Shalimar Bagh or Garden of Bliss and Nishat
Bagh at Kashmir by Shah Jahan.
6. Pre-Independence Period
 No large town planning scheme were taken
till the end of 19th century.
 In the first decade of 20th century they took
up the outstanding work of building New-
Delhi.
 The plan was prepared on modern town
planning principles by eminent town planner
Edwin Lutyens assisted by Baker.
 It was more a planning and designing of
Administrative centre than a new town as
such.
7. Post Independence Period
Many industrial towns were planned after post-independence period.
A few of these can be mentioned below.
• Steel Towns:
• Durgapur – West Bengal
• Bhilai – Madhya Pradesh
• Rourkela - Orissa
• Industrial Towns:
• Jamshedpur – Bihar
• Bhadravati – Karnataka
• Chittaranjan – West Bengal
• Capitals:
• Gandhinagar – Gujarat
• Chandigarh – Punjab (Now a union territory)
• Bhubaneshwar - Orissa
 2B
Ancient texts and treatise
Traditional Vastu treatise like Mayamata, Manasara, Shilp
Ratna and Samarangana-Sutradhara etc., contain verses
on all these aspects: the planning of towns, villages, the
design of temples, halls, pavilions, and seats etc.
It also has information on material specifications,
brickwork, joinery and carpentry.
And while the majority of the text concerns the planning,
architecture, and construction practices, the remaining
verses are on astrology, ayadi formulae, mandala diagrams,
muhurta and other non-architectural aspects. 
Thus, they can be considered as equivalent to the
present day’s town and architectural planning/design
guidelines or practices, as they broadly talk about various
principles of design, aesthetics, management and total
quality management, which are a crucial part of the usual
processes in the contemporary construction and real
estate industries.
 2C
Ancient texts and treatise
Sastra Aspect Sastra Aspect
Stapatya Veda Layout of a city Rig Veda Advanced Vastu Shilpa
(part of Atharva Veda)
Smriti Shastra Street layouts
(micro and macro) Vastu Shastra, Priccha, Treatise on architecture
Manasollasa, Prasadamandana, And planning based on
Shilparatnam Vedic hymns
Vaastu Shastra Treatises on architectural
planning, construction, and
design; Matters related to site Vaastu Shastra endorses 5 Chandura- square
selection, site planning and town shapes
orientation; Quality of soil, Agatara- rectangle
water resources, planting of Vritta- Circle
trees and groves
Kritta Vritta- elliptical
Artha Shastra Environmental management Gola Vritta- Full circle

Mansara Shilpa Shastra Gram Vidhana and Nagara Vastu Purusha Mandala Design according to the
Vidhana principles of sacred
geometry based on
cosmological theories.
 2C
Ancient texts and treatise
Sastra Aspect Sastra Aspect
Stapatya Veda Layout of a city Rig Veda Advanced Vastu Shilpa
(part of Atharva Veda)
Smriti Shastra Street layouts
(micro and macro) Vastu Shastra, Priccha, Treatise on architecture
Manasollasa, Prasadamandana, And planning based on
Shilparatnam Vedic hymns
Vaastu Shastra Treatises on architectural
planning, construction, and
design; Matters related to site Vaastu Shastra endorses 5 Chandura- square
selection, site planning and town shapes
orientation; Quality of soil, Agatara- rectangle
water resources, planting of Vritta- Circle
trees and groves
Kritta Vritta- elliptical
Artha Shastra Environmental management Gola Vritta- Full circle

Mansara Shilpa Shastra Gram Vidhana and Nagara Vastu Purusha Mandala Design according to the
Vidhana principles of sacred
geometry based on
cosmological theories.
Assignment : Chapter 2
 Chapter 3

A. Urban Design Theory

B. Urban Design Theorist
Urban Design Theory
Assignment : Chapter 3
 Chapter 4

A. Contribution of eminent
Architects and Planners
Assignment : Chapter 4
 Chapter 5

A. Planning of new towns in India

- Chandigarh
- Gandhinagar
- Bhubaneshwar
Assignment : Chapter 5
 Chapter 6

 Terminologies in U.D
 Urban Conservation and
Heritage Protection
 International treaty, charter
and conventions
Assignment : Chapter 6
 Chapter 7

 Tools and techniques

 Scale in Urban Area
 Survey in Urban Design
 Mapping a city
Assignment : Chapter 7
 Chapter 8

 Tools and techniques

 Scale in Urban Area
 Survey in Urban Design
 Mapping a city
Assignment : Chapter 8
Assignments