Operation Process and Flow

Process Chart (With Diagram)

• This is also known as outline process chart and it provides a compact over all
view of the whole system of operations involved in the production of a
product. In this chart only the main activities (i.e. operations and inspections)
carried out to complete a job are recorded in the sequence of their occurrence
but irrespective of where they are performed and who performs them.
• Thus only symbols of process chart are used in preparing it. Sometimes a
brief note about the nature each activity (may be operation or inspection) and
the time allowed are mentioned by the side of symbols. The processing to
material i.e. various activities are shown vertically on the entry or purchase of
material by horizontal lines as shown in Fig 18.1. (The operation process chart
for the fabrication of a riveted assembly
An operation process chart has
following advantages:

• To improve shop/plant layout

• Helps in specifying the basic
manufacturing system.
• Helps in determining sequence of
assembly and the scheduling activities
regarding dates of purchased material
and completion dates for fabricated
parts.
• To introduce the new technical personal
with the manufacturing system.

Flow Process Chart:
• A flow process chart is a chart showing
the sequence of the flow of a product by
way of recording all activities/events
under review with appropriate symbols.
This chart is similar to operation process
chart with the difference that it utilizes
symbols of operation, transportation,
inspection, delay and permanent storage.
The operation times and distances moved
are also recorded along the symbols side.
Flow process chart
are of three types:
Man, Machine and Material. These charts are shown in
Figs. 18.3, 18.4 and 18.5.
The man type flow process chart shows the process from
the point of view of man/operator. It indicates the
activities of man throughout the process.
The machine type flow process chart shows the activities
from the point of view of machines involved. A chart for
example of a boring machine will ignore the whole of
activities except the past in which boring machine is
involved. It will not indicate any movement of men or
materials.
The material type flow process chart shows the process
from the materials point of view utilized during the
process. It shows the introduction of all materials whether
raw material or finished components and represents all
information regarding operations and inspections carried
out on the during process diagrammatically.
 Flow Diagram:

A flow diagram is a pictorial layout of buildings and floors on which locations of all
the activities as given on the flow lines representing the movement of men and
materials are shown. Such pictorial layout is valuable in incorporating
improvements in the method.
The number of movements if minimized result viz. a lot of saving both in cost as
well as efforts required to perform a job Fig. 18.3 shows a simple flow diagram in
which raw material from the store moves to work station P where an operation is
performed the semi-finished product moves to work place Q where another
operation is carried out hence it moves to work place R for inspection and is
further sent to location S where it waits for a short period and ultimately goes out
of the unit.