SINGLE

SPECTROPH
BEAM
OTOMETER
 OUR TEAM

Giachinta Anzar Farisda

Diyani Septihadi N.
Suwirani K. D.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
01 02 03
SINGLE BEAM SINGLE BEAM SINGLE BEAM
SPECTROPHO SPECTROPHOT SPECHTROPHOT
TOETER OMETER’S OMETER’S
DEFINITION COMPONENTS CALCULATION
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
04
THE DIFFERENCE
05
THE ADVANTAGES
OF SINGLE BEAM AND
AND DOUBLE DISADVANTAGES
BEAM OF SINGLE BEAM
SPECHTROPHOTO SPECHTROPHOTOM
METER ETER
 01
SINGLE BEAM
SPECTROPHOTOMETER
DEFINITION
 WHAT IS SINGLE BEAM
SPECTROPHOTOMETER ?
Single Beam Spectrophotometer (UV
Visible) is a UV-Vis spectrophotometer that
used to determine the absorption of light
from a sample and can be used as a
detector for HPLC. A sample is placed in
the UV/VIS beam and absorbance versus
wavelength is measured. A single beam
spectrophotometer utilizes one beam of
light that passes through the sample and the
intensity of the light reflected from a
 02
SINGLE BEAM
SPECTROPHOTOMETER’S
COMPONENTS
 SINGLE BEAM
SPECTROPHOTOMETER’S
Monochromat
COMPONENTS
or
Light source

Detector Sample
(object)
 SINGLE BEAM
SPECTROPHOTOMETER’S
The light source comprising of a hollow
COMPONENTS
cathode lamp emits sharp atomic line of the
element whose determination is required. The
light is modulated (switched on and off) rapidly
by means of a rotating chopper located between
the light source and the flame. Modulation can
also be achieved by pulsing the power (switched
on and off rapidly) to the light source. Modulation
serves to differentiate the light coming from the
source lamp from the emission from the flame.
The modulated light is led to the flame where
ground state atoms of the element of interest are
present and after absorption is led to the
 03
SINGLE BEAM
SPECHTROPHOTOMETER
’S CALCULATION
 SINGLE BEAM
SPECHTROPHOTOMETE
correctionR’S CALCULATION
Single-beam spectrophotometers perform blank
  𝑺 𝑴𝒆𝒂𝒔 and sample measurements using only the
%𝑻= 𝒙 100 sample beam. First the instrument records the
𝑺 𝑩𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒌
intensity of the sample beam during blank correction
(S Blank). Then, during sample measurement, the
instrument records the intensity of the sample beam
(S Meas). Measurement results are then calculated
using S Blank and S Meas. For example,
transmittance (%T) is calculated using the following
formula.
 However, if the intensity of the light
source varies between the blank correction
and sample measurement, it can appear as
variations in S Blank and S Meas values. In
other words, if the light source intensity
varies between the time the blank correction
and sample measurement are performed,   𝑺 𝑴𝒆𝒂𝒔
inaccurate data may be acquired. Thus, in %𝑻= 𝒙 100
𝑺 𝑩𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒌
single-beam systems, fluctuations in the
light source intensity can have a major effect
on measurement results. Therefore, single-
beam systems require waiting until the
system stabilizes before starting
measurements. As a general rule, they
require waiting about one to two hours after
switching the power ON.
 04
THE DIFFERENCE OF
SINGLE BEAM AND
DOUBLE BEAM
SPECTROPHOTOMETER
THE DIFFERENCE OF SINGLE BEAM
AND DOUBLE BEAM
SPECTROPHOTOMETER
SINGLE BEAM
SPECTROPHOTOMETER
● A single beam spectrophotometer
has only one beam of light
● requires manually switching a
reference cuvette with the sample
cuvette for calibration
● Split-beam instruments are similar
to dual-beam systems, but instead
use a beam-splitter which rapidly
alternates the light path between the
DOUBLE BEAM
SPECTROPHOTOMETER
● A double beam
spectrophotometer has two beams
of light
● Perform an automatic correction
for the loss of light intensity as
the beam passes through the
sample and reference solution.
 05
THE ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF
SINGLE BEAM
SPECHTROPHOTOMETER
ADVANTAGES OF A SINGLE BEAM
SPECTROPHOTOMETER
it has better
performance
Cost-Effective it
which is high Also we can said that
means single beam
energy throughput the single beam
instruments are
due to the non- spectrophotometer is at
less expensive as
splitting of the low cost and has high
compared to the
source beam quantity and has high
other alternative
results in high sensitivity because its
sensitivity of optical system is
detection. simple.
 DISADVANTAGES OF A SINGLE
Instability it is happens
BEAM SPECTROPHOTOMETER
due to lack of
compensation for Such drifts cause
disturbances like abnormal
electronic circuit fluctuations in the
fluctuations, voltage results
fluctuations, mechanical
component’s instability,
or drift in the energy of Also, the basic
light sources. disadvantage is that it
It was true for early takes elongated time in
design but modern taking reference point
instruments have better and taking the reading
electronics and more of sample because of
stable lamps. which there are
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