Chapter 3

Mr. Jonelle Angelo S. Cenita

Instructor
Methodology of the study
❖ Methods and Techniques Used
❖ Respondents of the Study
❖ Instrument of the Study
❖ Data Gathering Procedure
❖ Data Processing and Statistical Treatment
❖ Ganttt Chart
Methods and techniques used
1. Concise description of the research method and justification for
its choice.
2. Sufficient description or field procedures followed in the
collection of data (when, where, and how data are to be obtained)
3. Used research design such as quantitative and qualitative
research design
Methods and techniques used
research design : descriptive Research Design

Descriptive research design is defined as a purposive process of

gathering, analyzing, classifying, and tabulating data about prevailing
conditions, practices, beliefs, process, trends, and cause-effect
relationship and then making adequate and accurate interpretation
about such data with statistical methods.
Methods and techniques used
research design : descriptive Research Design

Descriptive Research Design

case studies survey assessment or

evaluation studies

comparative studies correlational studies tracer studies

trends and projection documentary analysis

studies
Methods and techniques used
research design : descriptive Research Design

Survey research
❖ A survey research is used to gather relatively limited data
from relatively large number of cases
❖ Purpose to gather information about the prevailing
conditions or about the variables under study
Methods and techniques used
research design : descriptive Research Design

Type of Survey

Total population Sample survey Social survey School survey

survey

Public opinion survey Poll survey Market survey Comparative survey

Longitudinal survey Cross-sectional Job analysis survey Community survey

survey

Correlation survey
Methods and techniques used
research design : descriptive Research Design

Documentary analysis
❖ it involves the gathering of information by analyzing written
records and documents to solve a problem
❖ uses secondary data
➢ the relationship of IQ and academic performance of of the students
Methods and techniques used
research design : Experimental research design

❖ Future-oriented (what will be?) contrary to descriptive

research design what is current phenomenon.
❖ The most prestigious and sophisticated method - it will incur
a lot of expenses because you need to run a multiple test.
❖ Cause and Effects
Methods and techniques used
research design : Experimental research design

❖ Concepts of Experimentation
➢ it is never hypothesis free
■ You have a control group and experimental group
■ Control group is traditional, the one that did not receive treatment
■ Experimental group, expose to the treatment
➢ Assigning subjects for the control group and experimental group
(randomization) >> homogeneity
➢ The effect of the manipulation of the independent variable on the dependent
variable is observed or measured.
Methods and techniques used
research design : Experimental research design

❖ Three General Types of Experimental Design

➢ Pre experimental design
■ Design 1 - the one spot case study
■ Design 2- the one group pretest posttest design
■ Design 3 - the static group comparison
➢ True experimental design
■ Design 4 - the true control group pretest posttest design
■ Design 5 - solomon four group design
■ Design 6 - the posttest only control group design
➢ Quasi-experimental design
■ Design 7 - the time series design
■ Design 8 - the counterbalance design
Methods and techniques used
research design : Experimental research design

❖ Pre experimental Design

➢ Design 1 - the one spot case study

Flow x o

where x = Treatment (lecture)

O = Posttest (quiz)
Methods and techniques used
research design : Experimental research design

❖ Pre experimental Design

➢ Design 2- the one group pretest posttest design

Flow O1 x o2

Where O1 = Pretest

x = Treatment

O2 = Posttest
Methods and techniques used
research design : Experimental research design

❖ Pre experimental Design

➢ Design 3 - the static group comparison

Flow x o1

o2

Where x = Treatment

o1 = Experimental posttest

O2 = Control posttest
Methods and techniques used
research design : Experimental research design

❖ True experimental Design

➢ Design 4 - the true control group pretest posttest design

Flow r o1 x o2

r o3 o4

Where r = Random Assignment

x = Treatment

O1 = Experimental pretest

02 = Experimental posttest

O3 = Control pretest

04 = Control posttest
Methods and techniques used
research design : Experimental research design

❖ True experimental Design

➢ Design 5 - solomon four group design

Flow r o1 x o2 Where r = Random Assignment

r o3 o4 x = Treatment

R x o5 O1 = Experimental pretest

R o6 02 = Experimental posttest

O3 = Control pretest

04 = Control posttest

o5 = Experimental posttest
 Methods and techniques used
research design : Experimental research design

❖ True experimental Design

➢ Design 6 - the posttest only control group design

Flow r x o1 Where r = Random Assignment

r o2 x = Treatment

O1 = Experimental posttest

02 = Control posttest
Methods and techniques used
research design : Experimental research design

❖ Quasi-experimental design
➢ Design 7 - the time series design

Flow o1 o8 o2 o3 o4 x o5 o6 o7
Methods and techniques used
research design : Experimental research design

❖ Quasi-experimental design
➢ Design 8 - the counterbalance design

Flow

time 1 time 2 time 3 time 4

group a xo xo xo xo

group b xo xo xo xo

group c xo xo xo xo

group d xo xo xo xo
Respondents of the study
❖ Population and sample of the study
➢ Use an appropriate sampling design and sampling size
❖ Population
➢ Is composed of the entire group of people or objects to which the
researcher wishes to generalize the findings of the study
❖ Sample
➢ Subset of the population to represent the population
Respondents of the study
❖ Sampling Design
➢ Probability sampling
■ Involves the use of a random selection process to select a sample from
members or elements of a population
● Goal: to examine the representatives elements of population
■ Simple random, stratified, cluster, systematic
➢ Non-probability sampling
■ The elements are chosen from the population by non random method
■ Convenience, snowball or network, quota,purposive
Respondents of the study
❖ Example
➢ Population (n) = 400
➢ A (alpha) = 0.05
➢ Sample Size (n) = ?
➢ Slovin’s Formula
■ N = n / 1 + n (a^2)
➢ N = 400 / 1 + [400 ( 0.05^2)
➢ N = 200 (No. of participants)
Respondents of the study
❖ Probability Sampling
➢ Simple random
■ Assign a number to each member of the population
■ Select sample through a table of random numbers
➢ Stratified
■ Divide the population into subgroups or strata
■ A simple random sample is taken from each of these subgroups
➢ Cluster
■ A groups rather than people are select
● A random selection from cluster
➢ Systematic
■ Obtain listing of population
● Determine sample size then select every key element
Respondents of the study
❖ Non-probability Sampling
➢ Convenience (accidental or incidental)
■ Involves choosing readily available people or objects for study
➢ Snowball (network)
■ Involves the assistance of subjects to help obtain other potential subjects
➢ Quota
■ Establishment of a desired quota or proportion for some variable of interest (gender)
➢ Purposive (judgmental)
■ Subjects are chosen that the researcher believes are typical, or representative of the
accessible population
Instruments of the study
1. appropriate choice and description of the instruments.
2. detail procedures on how the instrument was constructed.
3. adequate information pertaining to validity of the instrument.
❖ There are two type of instruments

1 .researcher constructed instruments

2. standardize and reliable instruments
Data gathering procedure
❖ Data collection instruments
➢ Should be clearly identified and described
➢ Scoring procedures and the range of possible scores on the
instrument should also be included
➢ It must be valid, reliable, sensitive, and specific
➢ Pilot study results should be included for any newly developed
or revised instruments
Data gathering procedure
❖Tools in generating data
➢ Observation
➢ Questionnaire
➢ Interview
➢ Test
Data processing and statistical treatment
❖ Appropriateness of statistical treatment
and data processing
Gantt chart
❖ A widely used in project management
❖ A architecture of what is project all about
❖ A gantt chart is plot the time along horizontal axis and
vertical axis is breakdown need to be done
(activities/tasks)
Thank you !
Dates to remember
August 20 - System Review September 2 - Proposal Defense (No System)

August 23 - Discussion of Data Gathering September 9 - Prototype Defense

Techniques, Development of Data flow diagram and
September 13 - Submission of revised Chapter 1 and
Data Dictionary, and Entity Relationship Diagram
2 to the Panel Member
August 25 - Pre Oral Defense (Adviser,
September 16 - Submission of Approved paper
Communication Teacher, Facilitator)
September 17 - Submission of Prototype defense
August 27 - Approval of Chapter 1 to 3 by the
Evaluation
Adviser

August 30 - Submission of Approved Chapter 1 to 3

Panel members
Researcher Director - Ms. Melanie Camara, MABS, Communication Head - Mr. Victor, Lpt, PhD(c)
PhD(c)
Executive Vice President - Ms. Cristia Gracia Serano
Vice President for Academic Affairs - Ms. - Lpt, MaEd
Luzvimidan Tantoco, Lpt, EdD
IT Manager - Mr. Nicko De Guzman
Program Head, BSIS - Mr. Jonelle Angelo Cenita,
MSIT, EdD(c)
Group Chairman Member Member Adviser Time

Group 1 Mr. Jonelle Research IT Manager Mr. Gil Del 1-1:45

Angelo S. Director Monte
Cenita
Program head,
BSIS

Group 2 Research VPAA BSIS-Faculty Program Head, 1:45 to 2:30

Director BSIS

Group 3 Program Head, VPAA Communication Mr. Robin 2:30 - 3:15

BSIS Head Esteban

Group 4 Program Head, EVP Communication Mr. Ian Africa 3:15 to 4

BSIS Head

Group 5 Program Hea, EVP IT Manager Mr. Pewa 4 to 4:45

BSIS Manlapaz