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Matching
LOADED Q
The Q of a resonant circuit was defined to be equal to the ratio of the c
enter frequency of the circuit to its 3-dB bandwidth
Rs = 1000
Effect of Q vs. Xp.
Maximum Power Transfer
In DC circuits, maximum power
will be transferred from a source
to its load if the load resistance
equals the source resistance
Maximum Power Transfer
The source (Zs), with a series reactive component of +jX (an inductor), is
driving its complex conjugate load impedance consisting of a −jX
reactance (capacitor) in series with RL. The +jX component of the source
and the−jX component of the load are in series and, thus,cancel each
other, leaving only Rs and RL, which are equal by definition.
Since Rs and RL are equal, maximum power transfer
The L Network
Simple Black Box Analysis
Source 100-ohm
Load 1000-ohm
So, in this situation
The available power from source would be
lost about 4.8 dB
R P X2P R 2P X P
RS 2 XS 2
R P X2P R P X2P
RP
1 QS 1 Q P
2 2
RS
Equation for design of the impedance-
matching
Final circuit
DEALING WITH COMPLEX LOADS
g network itself.
This can be done through prudent placement of each matching elem
ent such that element capacitors are placed in parallel with stray cap
acitances, and element inductors are placed in series with any stray i
nductances.
Two Basic Approaches in Handling Co
mplex Impedances
Resonance
To resonate any stray reactance with an equal and opposite reactanc
Use the absorption approach to match the source and load shown below
(at 100 MHz).
Solution
The first step in the design process is to totally ignore the reactances an
d simply match the 100-ohm real part of the source to the 1000-ohm re
al part of the load (at 100 MHz)
Goal
Example 3
The need to block the flow of DC from the source to the load dictates t
he use of the matching network
first, let’s get rid of the stray 40-pF capacitor by resonating it with a sh
unt inductor at 75 MHz.
Now that we have eliminated the stray capacitance, we can proceed wit
h matching the network between the 50-ohm load and the apparent 600
-ohm load
THREE-ELEMENT MATCHING
From
The Q for the other L network is now defined by the ratio of Rs to R
Notice here that the source resistor is now considered to be in the shunt leg
of the L network. Therefore, Rs is defined as Rp, and
Now the complete network design
Remember that the virtual resistor (R) is not really in the circuit and, therefo
re, is not shown. Reactances −Xs1 and −Xs2 are now in series and can si
mply be added together to form a single component.
The only constraint is that Xp1 and Xs1 are of opposite types, and Xp2 and
Xs2 are of opposite types.
Therefore, to perform the transformation from the dual-L to the Pi network,
the two series components are merely added if they are alike, and subtracted
if the reactances are of opposite type.
Which one to choose?
Depend on any number of factors including:
1. The elimination of stray reactances.
2. The need for harmonic filtering.
3. The need to pass or block DC voltage.
The T network
The design of the 3-element T network is exactly the same as for the Pi net
work except that with the T, you match the load and the source, through two
L-type networks, to a virtual resistance that is larger than either the load or
source resistance. This means that the two L-type networks will then have t
heir shunt legs connected together
Q value of T
From previously,
Now, for the L network on the load end, the Q is defined by the virtual resis
tor and the load resistor. Thus,
Solution
THE SMITH CHART
So, we have
1+j1
1-j1
Let try to read this
Example
If Z =0.5+j0.7
ohm.
Series capacitive
reactance of
–j0.7
Add Inductance
Remember
where the admittance (Y) contains both a real and an imaginary part,
similar to the impedance (Z).
Circuit representation for admittanc
e.
Example
Impedance Z =1+j1.
Notice that the two
points are located at ex
actly the same distance
(d) from the center of t
he chart but in opposite
directions (180◦) from
each other.
Impedance and Admittance coordinates,
Admittance Manipulation on the Chart
we begin with an admittance o
f Y =0.2−j0.5 mho and add a
shunt capacitor with a suscept
ance (reciprocal of reactance)
of +j0.8 mho.