Heat and

Electricity
Heat Energy
Light Energy
Sound Energy
What Is Electricity?
• A form of
energy made up
of charges that
can produce
light, heat, or
motion
 Kinds of Electricity
Static Current
• An electric charge that • The flow of electric charges
collects or builds up on carried through a material such
the surface of an object as wire or other conductors
• Examples
• Examples – Power lines
– Shocking – Computers
– Lightening – Appliances
 Conductors and
Insulators
Conductors Insulators
• Any material that allows • Materials that do not allow
electric charges to move electric charges to flow
through it freely through them
• Examples: • Examples:
– Metals (esp. copper) – Wood
– Your body – Glass
– Electric wires – Rubber
 Lightning
• kills more • one mile every
than 60 five seconds
people
• injures more
than 400
people a year
in the US
 Do Now
Write a paragraph about the
cartoon. Tell what he is
trying to do. Will it work
and why? What do you
think will happen? Use the
following words, static
electricity, lightning,
electrons, positive and
negative charges.
•Heat (thermal) energy is created by the
movement of particles (atoms) that
produces heat.

•Heat (thermal) energy increases as

temperature increases because as
temperature increases, atoms move faster
(have more kinetic energy)
 Heat Transfer
•Heat is transferred only when two
objects are at different
temperatures.
Thermal energy always moves
from warmer to cooler objects.
What will happen to the coffee as it
continues to sit?
DIFFERENT MODES OF HEAT
TRANSFER
 Conduction
• Conduction is the
transfer of heat by
direct contact
(particles collide)
• Conduction occurs
most easily in
solids
and liquids
 Conduction
Why is conduction easier in solids and liquids?
Atoms and molecules are closer together in solids
and liquids. So, the particles need to move only a
short distance before they bump into one another
and transfer energy.
Why does the lady in the pink dress
drop her roasting stick before the
lady in the green dress?
 Conductors and Insulators

• Substances that transfer thermal

energy very well are called
Conductors.
• Substances that do not transfer
thermal energy very well are called
Insulators.
 Convection
• Convection is the
flow of currents
in a liquid or gas
• A current is created
when the warmer
(less dense) material
rises forcing the
cooler (more dense)
material to sink.
 Everyday Examples of Convection Currents

http://www.healthyheating.com/Definitions/heat-transfer
-convection.htm#.VD7SIfmjOSo
 Radiation
• Radiation is heat
transfer through space
by electromagnetic waves
• Unlike Conduction and Convection,
Radiation can occur in empty space,
as well as in solids, liquids, and gases.
• Waves such as visible light, infrared, and
ultraviolet light are examples of radiation
Radiation
Look at the examples of Heat Transfer
in the Image below
Why does food coloring mix faster
in hot water?
- because molecules move faster
when they are warmer(hot) and it
has more energy than cold water,
that’s why the food coloring
spreads out quicker in hot water
than in cold water.
The End
Electric Charge
 Electric Charge
• Amount of current flowing in a conductor is
measured in electric charge.
• The SI unit of electric charge is
1 coulomb (Charles de Coulomb)
• Is a scalar and fundamental quantity of a
particle
 Electric Charge
• All matter is made up of atoms

• Atoms contain
1. Protons (+)
2. Neutrons (0)
3. Electrons (-)
 Law of Electric Charges
• The law of electric charges states that like
charges repel, and opposite charges attract.
• Protons are positively charged and electrons
are negatively charged, so they are attracted
to each other.
what is the force that causes motion
in those interacting objects?
What is the difference between
Electric force and Electric field?
 The force between the
charged objects is an
electric force. An electric field is
the region around a charged
object where electric forces can be
exerted on another charged object.
(Repelled or attracted)
• Atoms do not have a charge
because the number of electrons
and protons cancel each other
out.
Ex.
3 protons (+) & 3 electrons (-) = 0
 Charged Objects
How do objects get charged?
• They either gain or lose electrons.
• Why not protons?
Ex.
3 protons (+) & 5 electrons (-) =
 How Can You Charge Objects?
• There are 3 ways objects can be charged:
1. Friction
2. Conduction
3. Induction
**In each of these, only the electrons move.
The protons stay in the nucleus**
 Friction
• Charging by friction occurs when
electrons are “wiped” from one object
onto another.
Ex.
If you use a cloth to rub a plastic
ruler, electrons move from the cloth to
the ruler.
The ruler gains electrons and the cloth
loses electrons.
Conduction
• Charging by conduction
happens when electrons
move from one object to
another through direct
contact (touching).
• Conduction occurs most
easily in solids and liquids
Why is conduction easier in
solids and liquids?
 Induction
• Charging by induction happens
when charges in an uncharged
object are rearranged without
direct contact with a charged
object.
Ex. If you charge up a balloon
through friction and place the balloon
near pieces of paper, the charges of
the paper will be rearranged and the
paper will be attracted to the balloon.
 Conductors and
Insulators
Conductors Insulators
• Any material that • Materials that do
allows electric not allow
charges to move electric charges
through it to flow freely
• Examples: through them
– Metals (esp. • Examples:
copper) – Wood
– Your body – Glass
– Electric wires – Rubber
 Conductors are mostly metals
like copper, low resistivity and
high conductivity. Insulators are
mostly non-metallic solids
which have extremely high
resistance, their atoms have
tightly bound electrons