INTRODUCTION-

 Management is universal in the modern industrial

world
 Modern societies are often described as “Societies of
Organisations.
 Organisations require making decisions ,
coordinating activities , handling people , evaluating
performance directing towards group objectives.
 The management functions facilitates the
performance of activities of organisation in a
systematic fashion to accomplish the objectives.
Meaning and Definition
Management many things to many people –
Socialist – a class or group of persons
Management practioners – a process
Trade unionist – exploiting set of people.

MANAGEMENT is set of activities

[planning, organising , leading , controlling ...]
directored at an organisation resourses [Human ,
financial , physical , and information] with the aim
of achieving organisational goals affectively and
efficiently.
Definition by different Authors-
 “ Management is a process of planning , organising ,
leading , and controlling efforts of organisation
members and of using all other organisational
resources to achieve stated organisational goals .”
- James A.F Stoner

“ To manage is to forecast and plan , to organise ,

command ,to coordinate and control.
- Henry Fayol
“ Management is an art or process consisting of
planning,
 organizing,
 staffing,
 directing,
 coordinating,
 reporting,
budgeting and followed each in order to
achieve a pre-determined goal”
Nature of management-
Management is a universal process –
management activity is basically same
everywhere/ any organisation whether
it is a Family , college, trade union ,
Business etc...
Management is a factor of production –
factors of production [ land , labour , capital]
have to be brought together put to
efficient use for production and
distribution of goods and services.
Management is goal oriented –
Should have to achieve the objectives

Management is supreme in thought and action-

our level of management helps in determing objectives and set
actions to accomplish

Management is a group activity-

for the success of any enterprise , it is necessary that all
human and physical resourses at its disposal men, money,
materials, etc... are coordinated for maximum level of
productivity
Management is a dynamic process –
An Enterprise should adopt changes and engage in
reforming ideas, techniques etc...

Management is a Social Science –

It involves dealing of individuals , individual
behaviours
Management is an important organ of society
Management is a system of authority
Management is a Profession-
Need for Management -
To meet challenges
For effective utilization 0f 7M’s in bussiness i.e.. Men,
Material, Machines, Methods, Markets & Management.
 for development of resourses.
Management directs the Organisation.
Integrate various interest.
Management provides stability.
Management provides Innovation.
Management provide coordination and establish team-spirit.
To tackle business
A tool for personality development
Levels of management-
TOP MANAGEMENT
MIDDLE MANAGEMENT
SUPERVISORY MANAGEMENT
TOP MANAGEMENT
Apex or top management has to devote much more time to
planning and policy making.
It undertake strategic planning covering in time span of 5 to
even ten years.
Involves senior managers/executes/ head of organisation.

Functions-
• Determing objectives of Enterprise.
• Preparing policies and plans for the Enterprise.
• Give instructions , prepare budgets, schedules
• Appointing middle level executes.
• Providing overall leadership
Middle management
Specific plans for different areas of management discipline
such as marketing , research and development, marketing,
manufacturing , finance etc..
Includes heads of functional deparments

Functions –
 Executing plans in accordance to policies and directives of
the op management.
 Select supervisory personnel.
 Achieving coordination between departments
 Motivating, evaluating junior managers
 Making recommendations
Supervisory management
Is directly concerned in operational planning
Include first line managers or supervisors.
Concentrate on daily, weekly, and monthly operations.
Ex- plan for finished good inventories

Functions
 Issue orders and instructions to the workers.
 provide training to workers.
 Solve problems of workers.
 Send periodical performance report to the middle
workers
Skills of a Manager
Conceptual skill
Refers the ability to see he enterprise ad a whole as a
complete entity
Understand ho different units of enterprise work
together and ho organization fits into its competitive
environment.
Ex – Decision making, planning, organising
Human relations skills -
The ability to interact
efficiently with people
at all levels
Ex-
Self Awareness
Managing stress
Motivating
Empowering others
Technical skills

 Include computer word

processing
 Creating a budget
 Operating a
machinery
 These are needed
 to increase sales
 Design products and
services.