AENG-251

Working of
Diesel engine
FOUR STROKE CYCLE-
In four stroke cycle ,all events takes place Inside the
cylinder are completed in four strokes of piston ie..
1. Intake or Suction stroke
2. Compression stroke
3. Power stroke
4. Exhaust stroke
Four stroke engine
Intake or suction stroke-

 piston moves downwards from TDC to BDC during

intake stroke.
Intake valves open and allow fresh air from atmosphere
into the engine cylinder. The motion of the intake valve
is controlled by camshaft.
The exhaust valve remains closed during this stroke.
The downward motion of cylinder creates a partial
vacuum inside the cylinder and the pressure difference
created pulls the air molecules inside into the cylinder.
Intake valve close at the end of intake stroke
compression stroke-
Piston moves from BDC to TDC.
The air gets compressed and both inlet and exhaust
valves gets closed.
Compression raises pressure and here compression
ratio 14;1 to 20:1.
At the end of compression stroke the fuel injector
injects fuel in finely atomised form into the cylinder.
Power stroke-
Compression raises pressure and temperature fuel
burn and generate energy.
Due to combustion of fuel it pushes the piston from
TDC to BDC.
Both valves remains closed.
The connecting rod with the help of crankshaft
transmit energy to the transmission system for useful
work.
Exhaust stroke-
The burnt gases go out from the exhaust valve and
cylinder becomes ready to receive fresh air.
The inlet valve gets closed
The exhaust valve gets closed at the end of the exhaust
stroke and inlet valve opens and the cycle repeats
Two stroke cycle engine-
In such engines suction , compression, power and
exhaust are completed in two strokes of piston and one
complete revolution of crankshaft.
No valves are present and gas movement is through
ports.
Crankcase of the engine is gas tight in which
crankshaft rotates.
Two stroke engine
Fuel injector

cylinder
piston Exhaust port.
Inlet port
Connecting rod

Cam shaft Crank shaft

First stroke [suction+compression]
Cylinder consists of three ports –
Inlet port
Exhaust port
Transfer port
 during this stroke air enters crankcase through inlet port
and the piston is at TDC covering exhaust and transfer
port.
When piston moves prom TDC to BDC the air enters the
cylinder through transfer port.
When piston moves up it compresses air at the end of this
stroke fuel is injected through fuel injectors.
Second stroke[power + exhaust]
The pressure in the cylinder increases due to burning
of gases and piston move down and remove burnt
gases through exhaust port.
Difference between diesel and petrol engine

S.NO CHARACTERS DIESEL ENGINE PETROL ENGINE

1. FUELS USED Diesel Vapourizing fuels,

petrol, kerosene

2. Air fuel mixture during Only air is taken Air fuel mixture is
suction stroke taken

3. Air-fuel ratio Not constant In ratio 15:1

4 Compression ratio of 14:1 to 20:1 5:1 to 8:1

engine
s.no characters Diesel engine Petrol engine
5. Specific fuel 0.2kg per BHP 0.29kg per BHP
consumption per hour per hour
6. Fuel consumption 4.5 litres for 4.5 litres for 12HP
20HP hour hours

7. Torque more Not present

8. Thermal efficiency 32 to 38% 25 to 32%

9. Temperature low highz

10. Engine weight per HP High Low

11. Initial costs High low