THE ALTERNATION OF VIETNAMESE LAN

GUAGE
Subject name: Introduction to Linguistics
Welcome!!
 Today’s Session

A THE VIETNAMESE LANGUAGE: AN OVERVIEW

THE CAUSES OF THE CHANGE IN

B VIETNAMESE LANGUAGE

HOW DOES VIETNAMESE LANGUAGE

C CHANGE ?
 A. VIETNAMESE LANGUAGE
D

BRIEF INTRODUCTION
D
 THE Distribution OF Vietnamese
SPEAKERS

Vietnamese is spoken by

85% Vietnamese
population
and more than 4 million
overseas Vietnamese who
can be found throughout
the world (East and
Southeast Asia, North
America, Australia and
Western Europe)

More than 90 million people 1 million people

10.000 people (America)
More than
100.000 people
 THE INFORMATION ABOUT VIETNAMESE
LANGUAGE

01 02 03
AMon-Khmer language of the Derived from agricultural
National and official language in civilization, where today is
Vietnam. Austroasiatic
language family the northern region of Red
River and Ma River .
 THE periods OF vietnamese language
is rooted from Viet – Muong language, have
Pro-to Vietic Language
common characteristics to Nguon language and Pong
Chut language.
The pre- ancient Vietnamese is one of two parts of Viet-Muong languages -=>Han
Language Script used in most examinations & documents by
Vietnamese Royal Dynasties.
ANCIENT When Vietnam gained its autonomy, Vietnamese people
VIETNAMESE created “Nom” characters based on
LANGUAGE rules of Chinese language to record what they spoke.
MEDIEVAL
VIETNAMESE Its phonology reflected through the
LANGUAGE Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et
pre-modern Latinum by Alexandre de Rhodes in ROMA 1651
Vietnamese language
Vietnamese alphabets were only used in
Christian bibles.
modern
Vietnamese Chữ Quốc ngữ is the national official language. It is
language widespread over the country and
popularizes in education and literature.
The Dictionarium
Annamiticum
Lusitanum et
Latinum (known in
Vietnamese as Từ điển
Việt-Bồ-La)

written by the French

Jesuit lexicographer
Alexandre de Rhodes
 B. THE causes OF borrowing
To find words cultural The prestige

for the new

objects,
influence factor
concepts and places

After the conquest of Facing the trend of integration

France and China, a The paths of lexical and globalization, Vietnamese
great numbers of loan borrowing reflect to a usually use English which is
words came into certain extent the paths of considered an international
Vietnam from French cultural influence. language to express or
and Chinese. communicate in daily life.
EXAMPLE
1. To find words for the new
objects, concepts and Places

VIETNAMESE FRENCH
ban công balcon
bê tông béton
cờ lê clé
tôn tôle
mỏ lết molette
D
D

ống típ tube

 LOAN WORDS
VIETNAMESE ORIGINAL WAYS TO
MEANING COUNTRY
WORDS WORDS BORROW
Pronunciation
Mũ 帽 (mào)
hat China

Pronunciation
Gả 嫁 (Jià)
marry China

Pronunciation
Quì gối 跪 (Guì)
kneel China

Xà bông Savon Pronunciation Soap France

Chou- a vegetable with green leaves around
Súp lơ Pronunciation France
fleur a large hard white head of flowers
Group of people support singer,
Ê-kíp Équipe Pronunciation actors.
France
EXAMPLE
2. Cultural influence

 In terms of cuisine  In words of costumes

VIETNAMESE FRANCE VIETNAMESE FRANCE

Pa tê pâté áo bờ lu blouse

bánh ga tô gâteau áo may ô maillot

bia bière gi lê gilet

bơ beurre khuy măng sét manchette

D

cà phê café sơ mi chemise

D

xúc xích saussisse vét-tông veston

EXAMPLE 3. The prestige factor
VIETNAMESE ENGLISH
Hàng đặt trước order
nhắn tin trò chuyện inbox
Miễn phí vận Freeship
chuyển
Thanh toán khi COD ( Cash on
nhận hàng Delivery)
Đang giảm giá On sale
D

Đầy chỗ (ex: rạp đầy chỗ=

D

full
rạp full)
 C. HOW DOES VIETNAMESE LA
NGUAGE CHANGE ?
D
D
 INTERNAL CHANGE
is a type of natural language

1 variation that refers to

changes in the grammar of a
3
SEMANTIC language.
CHANGE
 semantic shift,  PHONOLOGICAL
SYNTACTIC CHANGE
lexical change,
CHANGE
semantic progression

refers to any change in

the meaning(s) of a word over the
2 is any sound change that
alters the distribution of
course of time. phonemes in a language.
 SEMANTIC CHANGE
Combine existing
The addition and loss of items to form
lexical items (gradually)
1 more complex
ones

2 3
The metaphorical side
Obtain a new
term by extending the 4 of language and
semantic
use of an old one change  
 EXAMPLE
Words Old Meaning New Meaning

miserable, have despicable, often use to

The addition and Khốn nạn
difficulty   rate people in personality
loss of lexical
items be asked by difficult
big problem of the
Vấn nạn questions and uneasy to
society
reply

Words Meaning 1 Meaning 2 Meaning 3

Obtain a new not keep the right and
term by often use to describe
complete
extending the Bạc something fragile, without care
gratitude to
incomplete
use of an old one someone

Stop living (using

Đi Move, change position
euphemism)
 EXAMPLE
Words Item 1 Item 2
Combine
existing items Giao liên (liaison) Giao: traffic Liên: connection
to form more
complex ones
Cổ kính (ancient) Cổ: old Kính: respectable

Words Meaning Metaphorical side

The
metaphorical side Vai Shoulder: part of body
 Main actor/actress
of Extras
language proper name of one
to describe someone
and semantic Hoạn thư person in Truyện
who have bad jealousy
change   Kiều
 SYNTACTIC CHANGE
French colonial PERIOD
CHINESE Vietnamese people prefered to
DOMINATION use the simple sentences
Vietnamese language had
without coordinator between the
adopted and adapted
distinctive clauses. However,
Chinese language. We
our grammar had altered in
change the order of
more obvious and accurate way.
elements in one word to
We used more frequently
be approriate to our
punctuation mark,
grammar.
conjunction and preposition in
the sentence.
 EXAMPLE
Chinese Domination
IN CHINESE:
Quả báo nhãn tiền.
IN VIETNAMESE:
Quả báo trước mắt.

Nhãn tiền Tr ư ớ c m ắ t
Main E Supporting E Supporting E Main E
 EXAMPLE
French colonial period

BEFORE:

Trời mưa. Chúng tôi không thể đi chơi.

It’s raining. We can’t go out.
AFTER:

Vì trời mưa nên chúng tôi không thể đi chơi được.

Because it’s raining, we can’t go out.
 PHONOLOGICAL CHANGE
usually depend on living area

Saigon dialect Hue dialect Hanoi dialect

Southern Vietnamese Central Vietnamese Northern Vietnamese
This prestige dialect is the
basis for the standard
language.
 Regional variation in pronunciation
EXAMPLE
Northern
Northern Southern English gloss
Central

đi về đi về đi dề come back

Giời Trời trời Sky

thật thật thực, thiệt real

Nhẽ Nhẽ Lẽ For a reason

D
D
 MODERN
VIETNAMESE
LANGUAGE
The language wouldn’t be what it is
today without having
adopted and altered. But, in the near
future, it may be facing a new crisis:
The influence of the
English language has long been
noticeable in Vietnam.
 01
1
Rag has influenced
negatively in language
1. Rag:  a newspaper that you
believe to be of low quality

02
“Teencode “ is also a
common linguistic
Phenomenon in vietnam
 Q&A
SESSION
GROUP 5
VIETNAMESE LANGUAGE
Just feel free to ask us. If we aren’t able to answer immediately, we’ll write down and
reply you AS soon AS POSSIBLE. Thank you!!!
 D
D
Thank you!!!
Wish you HAVE A GOOD DAY!!!