Introduction

to
Statistics
Group 1:
1. How old is our teacher?
2. Is the vehicle of the Mayor of our city/town/municipality
bigger than the vehicle used by the President of the
Philippines?
3. How many days are there in December?
4. Does the Principal of the school have a post graduate
degree?
5. How much does the Barangay Captain receive as
allowance?
6. What is the weight of my smallest classmate?
 The first group of questions could be
answered by a piece of information which is
considered always true.
Group 2:
1. How old are the people residing in our town?
2.Do dogs eat more than cats?
3.Does it rain more in our country than in
Thailand?
4.Do math teachers earn more than science
teachers?
5.How many books do my classmates usually bring
to school?
6.What is the proportion of Filipino children aged
 The second group of questions one needs
observations or data to be able to respond
to the question.
1. Statistics as a Tool in Decision-Making
Statistics is defined as a science that
studies data to be able to make a decision.
Hence, it is a tool in decision-making process.
 collecting
 processing
 summarizing and
 analyzing data
Trivia:
The word “statistics” actually comes from the word
“state”— because governments have been involved in the
statistical activities, especially the conduct of censuses
either for military or taxation purposes. The need for and
conduct of censuses are recorded in the pages of holy texts
in the Christian Bible, particularly the Book of Numbers,
God is reported to have instructed Moses to carry out a
census. Another census mentioned in the Bible is the
census ordered by Caesar Augustus throughout the entire
Roman Empire before the birth of Christ.
Statistics enable us to:
 characterize persons, objects, situations,
and phenomena;
 explain relationships among variables;
 formulate objective assessments and
comparisons; and, more importantly
 make evidence-based decisions and
predictions.
2. Statistical Process in Solving a Problem

“Do dogs eat more than cats?”

It requires to gather data to generate statistics
which will serve as basis in answering the
query. There should be plan or a design on
how to collect the data so that the information
we get from it is enough or sufficient for us to
minimize any bias in responding to the query.
Data quality check could be done as we
process the data to summarize the
information extracted from the data. Then
using this information, one can then make a
decision or provide answers to the problem or
question at hand.
To summarize, a statistical process in making
a decision or providing solutions to a problem
include the following:

1. Planning or designing the collection of data

to answer statistical questions in a way that
maximizes information content and
minimizes bias;
2. Collecting the data as required in the plan;
• Verifying the quality of the data after they
were collected;
3. Summarizing the information extracted
from the data; and
4. Examining the summary statistics so that
insight and meaningful information can be
produced to support decision-making or
solutions to the question or problem at hand.
QUIZ 1
1.
DIRECTION:
Identify which of the following questions are
answerable through a statistical process. Write
SP if it requires statistical process and NSP if
it doesn’t require.
a. What is a typical size of a Filipino family?
b. How many hours in a day?
c. How old is the oldest man residing in the
Philippines?
d. Is planet Mars bigger than planet Earth?
e. What is the average wage rate in the
country?
f. Would Filipinos prefer eating bananas
rather than apple?
h. How much a newly-hired public school
teacher in NCR earns in a month?
i. How tall is a typical Filipino?
j. Did you eat your breakfast today?
2.
DIRECTION:
For each of the identified questions in
Number 1 that are answerable using a
statistical process, describe the activities
involved in the process.
• For a. What is a typical size of a Filipino
family?
• For c. How old is the oldest man residing in
the Philippines?
• For e. What is the average wage rate in the
country?
• For f. Would Filipinos prefer eating
bananas rather than apple?
• For i. How tall is a typical Filipino?
a. answerable through a statistical process
b. not answerable through a statistical process
c. answerable through a statistical process
d. not answerable through a statistical process
e. answerable through a statistical process
f. answerable through a statistical process
g. not answerable through a statistical process
h. not answerable through a statistical process
i. answerable through a statistical process
j. not answerable through a statistical process
a. The process includes getting a
representative group of Filipino families and
ask the family head as to how many members
do they have in their family.
c. The process includes getting the ages of all
residents of the country.
d. The process includes getting all prevailing
wage rates in the country.
f. The process includes getting a
representative group of Filipinos and ask each
one of them on what fruit he/she prefers,
banana or apple?
i. The process includes getting a
representative group of Filipinos and measure
the height of each member of the
representative group.