INTRODUCTION

TO
SURVEYING

By PresenterMedia.com
surveying is defined as:

“the art and science of determining angular and linear

measurements to establish the form, extent, and relative
position of points, line and areas on or near the surface of
the earth or on other extraterrestrial bodies through
applied mathematics and the use of specialized equipment
and techniques”
Two General Classifications:

1. Plane Surveying
-the earth is considered to be a flat surface, and where
distances and areas involved are of limited extent that the
exact shape of earth is disregarded
2. Geodetic Surveying

-are surveys of wide extent which take into account the

spheroidal shape of the earth ; it employs the principle
geodesy and are of high precision
 Types of Surveys:
•cadastral survey
•city survey •mine survey
•constructionsur •photogrammetric
vey survey

•forestry survey •route survey

•hydrographic •topographic
survey survey
•industrial survey
Development of Surveying Instruments:

ASTROLABE
Development of Surveying Instruments:

TELESCOPE
Development of Surveying Instruments:

TRANSIT
Development of Surveying Instruments:

SEMICIRCUMFERENTOR
Development of Surveying Instruments:

PLANE TABLE
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DIOPTRA
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ROMAN GROMA
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LIBELLA
Development of Surveying Instruments:

VERNIER
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DIOPTER
Development of Surveying Instruments:

COMPASS
Development of Surveying Instruments:

GUNTER’S CHAIN
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CHOROBATES
Development of Surveying Instruments:

MERCHET