ASSESSING MALE

GENITALIA AND
INGUINAL
STRUCTURE
AND
FUNCTION
 External genitalia
Penis
• is a cylindrical organ that passes
urine and delivers sperm into the
female vagina. 
It consists of three parts:
• A ROOT
- that attaches the penis to the
perineum
• A BODY
- (shaft) that makes up the bulk of the
penis.
 External genitalia

• THE GLANS
- is the enlarged end of the body.
- is covered by a prepuce
(foreskin), which may be
surgically removed in a
procedure called circumcision.
 External genitalia

FUNCTIONS OF THE PENIS:

• It is the organ for micturition.
• Delivers sperm into the female reproductive system.
• It is the also the organ for copulation.
• It signifies sex for male at birth.
 External genitalia
SCROTUM
• Is a thin sac consisting of skin and
superficial fascia that hangs from
the base of the penis.
• It is a continuation of the abdominal wall skin which gets
deeply pigmented after puberty due to increased fat deposit.
• The scrotal wall has thin skin that is formed in folds called
Rugae.
 External genitalia
SCROTUM
• The external scrotum positions the testes outside the
body in an environment about 37°C below that of the
body cavity.
• This is necessary for the development and storage of
sperm.
• Two muscles help to maintain this temperature in
response to the external conditions. (e.g- too cold or
hot).
 External genitalia
FUNCTIONS OF THE SCROTUM
• Creates room for sperm morbidity and viability.
• Protects and accommodates the testes, epididymis and vas
deferens.
• Readily responds to environmental changes to maintain a
constant temperature for the testes.
• Also signifies sex at birth.
 Internal genitalia
TESTES
• Are a pair of two solid oval shaped organs.
• They are suspended vertically in the scrotum
by the spermatic cord/vas deferens.
• The left testis is lower than the right because
the left spermatic cord is longer.
The testes are enclosed by two coats:
• The tunica vaginalis is the outer double-
layer of serous membrane surrounding each
testis.
 Internal genitalia
SPERMATIC CORD
• Testes are suspended in the
scrotum by a spermatic cord.
• It contains blood vessels,
lymphatic vessels, nerves, and
the vas deferens or ductus
deferens.
• On the left side is usually longer;
thus the left testes hangs lower
than the right testes.
 Internal genitalia
EPIDIDYMIS
• Is a comma-shaped organ that lies adjacent to each testis.
• Each of the two epididymites contains a tightly coiled tube, called the
ductus epididymis.
• Here is where sperm complete their maturation and are stored until
ejaculation.
• During ejaculation, smooth muscles encircling the epididymis contract,
forcing matured sperm into the next tube, the ductus deferens.
 Internal genitalia
EPIDIDYMIS
• The lower part of the epididymis is continuous with the muscular duct
to form the Vas Deferens.
FUNCTIONS OF THE
EPIDIDYMIS
• Serves as the main storage site
for sperm.
• Helps in propelling sperm into
the vas deferens.
 Internal genitalia

VAS DEFERENS
• The ductus deferens (vas deferens) is the tube through which sperm
travel when they leave the epididymis.
• Each of the two tubes enters the abdominal cavity, passes around the
urinary bladder and together with the duct from the seminal vesicle to
join the ejaculatory duct.
• Before entering the ejaculatory duct, the ductus deferens enlarges,
forming a region called the ampulla.
 Internal genitalia
VAS DEFERENS
• AS (DUCTUS) DEFERENS Sperm are stored in the ductus deferens
until peristaltic contractions of the smooth muscles surrounding the
ductus force sperm forward during ejaculation.

FUNCTIONS OF THE VAS DEFERENS

• Helps in the transportation of sperm from the epididymis to the urethra.
• Serve as a reservoir for sperm.
• Secrets some fluid that supports the sperm.
 Internal genitalia

EJACULATORY DUCT
• The two ejaculatory ducts pass through the urethra
and then connect the seminal vesicles to the urethra
carrying the secretions of the said organs. The
ejaculatory duct is the passageway of the semen.
 Internal genitalia

Prostate Gland
• The prostate gland is located just below the bladder in
men and surrounds the top portion of the tube that
drains urine from the bladder (urethra). The prostate's
primary function is to produce the fluid that nourishes
and transports sperm (seminal fluid).
 Internal genitalia

Seminal Vesicle
• Is about 4 cm long. The thick mucoid secretion
of the seminal vesicles is high in sugar and
protein and has a low pH, causing sperm cells
to become more motile once surrounded by this
nourishing fluid.
 Internal genitalia
Spermatozoa
• The sperm cell or spermatozoa is the male sex cell or gamete.
• Spermatogenesis is the maturation of sperm cell. It takes about 64
days for the sperm cells to attain maturity.
 Inguinal area
• It is contained between the anterior superior iliac spine
laterally and the symphysis pubis medially.
• Is a tube-like structure 4 to 5 cm or 1.5 to 2 in long in
an adult through which the vas deference travels as it
passes through the lower abdomen.
• The external inguinal ring- is the exterior opening of
the inguinal canal
• The internal inguinal ring- is the internal opening of
the inguinal canal
 HEALTH
ASSESSMENT
 Collecting Subjective Data

• History of present health concern

• Past health history
• Family history
• Lifestyle and health practices
 Collecting Objective Data:
Physical Examination
Equipment :
• Stool
• Gown
• Disposable non-latex gloves
• Flashlight
• Stethoscope
• Specimen card
Procedure:
1. Introduce yourself and verify the client’s identity.
Explain to the client what you are going to do,
why it is necessary and how the client cooperate.
Procedure:
2. Perform hand hygiene and observe other
appropriate infection control procedures.
Procedure:
2. Provide for client privacy.
 Assessment Procedure
Penis
INSPECTION
1. Inspect the skin, prepuce (if present), and glans
a) Retract the foreskin (or ask the patient to retract it)
b) The presence of smegma, secretions of the glans, is
normal
c) Do not retract the foreskin if it is painful/tight
2. Replace the foreskin
 Assessment Procedure
Penis
INSPECTION
3. Note any ulcerations, scars, nodules, or signs of
inflammation
4. Check the skin around the base of the penis for
excoriations or inflammation, also look for nits/lice in the
pubic hair
Condyloma acuminata Chancroid

Herpes
Gonorrhea Granuloma inguinale
 Assessment Procedure
Penis
INSPECTION
5. Observe the location of the urethral meatus 
6. Compress the glans gently between your index finger and
thumb to open the urethral meatus and inspect for
discharge
7. If the patient reports a history of discharge, gently milk the
shaft of the penis from the base to the glans (you may ask
the patient to do this)
 Assessment Procedure
Penis
PALPATION
1. Palpate the shaft of the penis between your
thumb and first two fingers
2. Note any tenderness, induration, or other
abnormalities
 Assessment Procedure
Scrotum
INSPECTION
1. The patient should be standing facing the examiner
2. Inspect the skin of the scrotum and note the position of
the testes
a) Lift the scrotum to visualize the posterior surface
b) One side often hangs lower than the other
3. Note any swelling, lumps, rashes, or loss of rugae
 Assessment Procedure
Scrotum
PALPATION
1. The testicles are extremely sensitive and should be handled gently
2. Warm your hands before palpating 
a) A common cause of an undescended testicle is an examiners cold hands
3. Using your thumb and first two fingers, palpate each testis,
epididymis, spermatic cord, and external ring
4. The testis has the consistency of a hard-boiled egg or rubber ball
 Assessment Procedure
Scrotum
PALPATION
5. The epididymis is located on the superior posterior surface of the
testicle and is soft and wormlike 
a) Do not confuse with an abnormal lump
6. Note size, shape, consistency, tenderness, presence of nodules,
dilated veins, thickening, or other abnormalities
7. Palpate each spermatic cord (including the vas deferens) from the
epididymis to the superficial inguinal ring
8. Note any nodules or swellings  
Undescended Testis/
cryptorchidism
Inguinal Hernia
 Assessment Procedure
Inguinal area
INSPECTION
1. Inspect for inguinal and femoral hernia.
 Assessment Procedure
Inguinal area
PALPATION
1. Palpate for inguinal
hernia and inguinal
nodes.
2. Palpate inguinal lymph
nodes.
3. Palpate for femoral
hernia.
 Testicular Self-Exam
1. May be easiest to perform exam after a warm shower/bath
since heat relaxes the scrotum which makes it easier to
examine
2. Standing in front of a mirror, check for any swelling of the
scrotal skin
3. Examine each testicle separately
4. Cup the testicle between your thumb and fingers with both
hands and roll it gently between the fingers
Note: one testicle may be larger than the other which is normal
 Testicular Self-Exam
5. Find the soft, tube-like structure at the back of the
testicle (the epididymis) 
6. Report to your doctor immediately if you find any
abnormalities (e.g. lumps, painful areas, skin changes,
or swelling)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kbX9HAxirhw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JcGSFif1eyg