XEROGRAPHY BASIC

TRAINING

By Awaluddin Malik
 DISCUSSION

WHAT IS STEP-STEP IN
XEROGRAPHY? PHOTOCOPIER
 XEROGRAPHY IS

Xerography is a dry process that uses

electrostatic charges on a light-
sensitive photoreceptor to first attract
and then transfer toner particles (a
powder) onto paper in the form of an
image.
 STEP-STEP

CHARGING CLEANING
EXPOSURE
TRANSFER

DEVELOPMENT FUSING
 CHARGING
In this process cylindrical drum is
electrostatically charged by a high
voltage wire called a corona wire or a
charge roller.  a corona wire positioned
parallel to the drum or, in more recent
printers, a primary charge roller,
projects an electrostatic charge onto the
photoreceptor (otherwise named the
This flow chart for step process charging on photoconductor unit), a revolving
fujixerox’s machine : photosensitive drum or belt, which is
capable of holding an electrostatic
HVPS Drum Unit
charge on its surface while it is in the
dark.
 EXPOSURE
In this process The document or microform to be
copied is illuminated by flash lamps on the platen and
either passed over a lens or is scanned by a moving
light and lens, such that its image is projected onto and
synchronized with the moving drum surface.

Alternatively, the image may be exposed using a

xenon strobe onto the surface of the moving drum or
belt, fast enough to render a perfect latent image. This flow chart for step process exposure on fujixerox’s
machine
Where there is text or image on the document, the
corresponding area of the drum will remain unlit. Where
there is no image the drum will be illuminated and the ESS
Platen/ADF
charge will be dissipated. The charge that remains on
the drum after this exposure is a 'latent' image and is a
negative of the original document. CCD IIT MCU ROS/LPH
Drum
Unit
 DEVELOPMENT
Toner is a powder its early form was carbon powder, then
melt-mixed with a polymer. The carrier particles have a
coating which, during agitation, generates a triboelectric
 charge (a form of static electricity), which attracts a coating
of toner particles. In addition, the mix is manipulated with a
magnetic roller to present to the surface of the drum or belt a
brush of toner.
By contact with the carrier each neutral toner particle has
an electric charge of polarity opposite to the charge of the
This flow chart for step process exposure on fujixerox’s machine latent image on the drum. The charge attracts toner to form
 
a visible image on the drum. To control the amount of toner
Developer transferred, a bias voltage is applied to the developer roller
Toner Drum Unit
unit to counteract the attraction between toner and latent image.
Where a negative image is required, as when printing
from a microform negative, then the toner has the same
polarity as the corona in step 1. Electrostatic lines of force
drive the toner particles away from the latent image towards
the uncharged area.
TRANSFER
In this step process a sheet of paper
is then rolled under the photoreceptor
drum, which has been coated with a
pattern of toner particles in the exact
places where the laser struck it
moments before. The toner image is
transferred from the drum to the paper
by a combination of pressure and This flow chart for step process exposure on fujixerox’s machine

electrostatic attraction with one or

more charged bias transfer rollers, Drum unit Paper BTR
which apply greater pressure and
produce a higher quality image.

HVPS
 FUSING
In this Step the paper passes through
rollers in the fuser assembly, where
temperatures up to 427 °C (801 °F) and
pressure are used to permanently bond the
toner to the paper. One roller is usually a
hollow tube (heat roller) and the other is a
rubber backed roller (pressure roller).
A radiant heat lamp is suspended in the This flow chart for step process exposure on fujixerox’s machine

center of the hollow tube, and its infrared

 energy uniformly heats the roller from Paper
the inside. For proper bonding of the FUSING Unit
toner, the fuser roller must be uniformly
hot.
MCU
 CLEANING AND
RE-CHARGING
As the drum completes a revolution, it is
exposed to an electrically neutral soft
plastic blade that cleans any remaining
toner from the photoreceptor drum and
deposits it into a waste reservoir. A charge
roller then re-establishes a uniform negative
charge on the surface of the now clean
This flow chart for step process exposure on fujixerox’s machine
drum, readying it to be struck again by the
Drum
laser.
Waste Bin
Unit
“THANK YOU”