4TH

MEETING
 LOOK AT THESE!

• Although he has worked very hard.

• Michael now doesn’t have a home to live in.
• Under the bed or in the closet.
• After it had finished raining.
• Smoking can be the cause of many illnesses.
• Listening to my new album on my new phone.
THIS IS A SENTENCE. THIS IS A
CLAUSE. THIS IS A PHRASE.
 PHRASES

• A phrase is one or more words that form a

meaningful grammatical unit within a clause.
• There are five main types of phrase in English; noun
phrase, verb phrase, adjective phrase, adverb phrase,
and prepositional phrase
• Noun phrase • Adverb Phrase

Animals need water. Please do it now.

Who ate the last sandwich? He spoke very softly.

All passengers with tickets can board now. They did it as fast as possible.

• Verb phrase • Prepositional Phrase

We have been working since 9am. They were arguing about money.

I will be going to France next week. The window was behind a large brown sofa.

It may have been being repaired. They resumed after an unusually large meal

• Adjective Phrase
He has clever ideas.
It was a very big meal.
The students were really bored with the film.
 CLAUSE

A clause is a group of words that has both a subject and a

predicate.
Every complete sentence is made up of at least one clause.

• Michael bought a new computer.

• I am twenty three.
• They were engineers.
 INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT
CLAUSE

An independent clause (or main clause) makes sense by itself. It expresses a

complete thought.
• Michael bought a new computer.

• Michael bought a new computer, but he still has the old one.

• Although he still has his old one, Michael now has a new computer.
 DEPENDENT CLAUSE

A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) does not make sense by itself. It
does not express a complete thought.
Although he still has his old one.
A dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction, a
relative pronoun, or some other word that causes it to become dependent. A
dependent clause will make sense only when attached to an independent
clause.
DEPENDENT CLAUSE
 WHAT IS A SENTENCE?

• A sentence is a set of words that contain:

• a subject (what the sentence is about, the
topic of the sentence)
• a predicate (what is said about the subject)
 EXAMPLES

• You speak English. • The children were laughing.

• Smoke rises. • John wanted a new bicycle.
• He opened the door. • We stayed behind

• Do you have time? • All the girls are learning English.

• Did you go last night? • John shouted and everybody waved.

• They have finished the game. • We looked everywhere but we couldn’t find
him.
• Come in, please.
• They are coming by car so they should be
• Stop cheating! here soon.
 TYPES OF SENTENCE

• Simple sentence • Simple Sentence

• Compound sentence • A simple sentence can also be referred to as an
• Complex sentence independent clause. It is referred to as "independent"
because, while it might be part of a compound or complex
sentence, it can also stand by itself as a complete sentence.
e.g.
Joe waited for the train.
The train was late.
Mary and Samantha took the bus.
 COMPOUND SENTENCE
• A compound sentence refers to a sentence made
up of two independent clauses connected to one
another with a coordinating conjunction; "FAN
BOYS“.
e.g.
 Joe waited for the train, but the train was late.
 I looked for Mary and Samantha at the bus
station, but they arrived at the station before
noon and left on the bus before I arrived.
 Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station
before noon, and they left on the bus before I
arrived.
COMPLEX SENTENCE
• A complex sentence is made up of an
independent clause and one or more dependent
clauses connected to it.
• Dependent clauses begin with subordinating
conjunctions; after, although, as, because,
before, even though, if, since, though, unless,
until, when, whenever, whereas, wherever,
while, that, and etc.
e.g.
 Because Mary and Samantha arrived at the
bus station before noon, I did not see them
at the station.
 While he waited at the train station, Joe
realized that the train was late.
 Joe was waiting at the train station after they
left on the bus.
 COMPLEX SENTENCE

• Independent Clause + Subordinate Clause(s) = Complex Sentence

 Dependent adjective clauses act as adjectives. That means that they modify nouns
or pronouns. They're joined to independent clauses with words called relative
pronouns or relative adverbs.
e.g. The woman who looked happy danced across the street.
Dependent adverb clauses act as adverbs. That means that they modify verbs,
adjectives, or other adverbs. They are joined to independent clauses with
subordinating conjunctions.
e.g. My mom smiled when I made dinner.
Dependent noun clauses act as nouns. They can do any of the noun jobs (subject,
direct object, object of a preposition...). They are introduced by wh- words or
words that you can call noun clause markers.
e.g. Can you tell me when it is time for dinner?
 IDENTIFY! PHRASE? CLAUSE?

1.The ski lift broke after we got on it.

2.Against the wall.
3.For a while.
4.Tomorrow we will go.
5.Until the end of the week.
6.Have gone running for an hour.
7.Before you know it, it will be summer.
DECIDE WHICH ONE IS COMPOUND OR COMPLEX
DECIDE WHICH ONE IS COMPOUND OR COMPLEX
 WORK WITH YOUR GROUP.

IDENTIFY THESE SENTENCES INTO

THEIR CLASSES; SIMPLE, COMPOUND,
OR COMPLEX SENTENCE.
 Simple Compound Complex
1. According to Young Minds, in 1. Kids may 1. We investigate why more
a school of 1000 pupils aged have difficult and more teenagers are
14-18, 50 of them might be relationships suffering from mental
seriously depressed. with parents, or illness.
2. As many as 1 in 5 could be in other cases, 2. Many teenagers feel
affected at some time. have no one to confused and afraid when
3. Being a teenager has always support them. the safety of childhood is
been difficult. left behind.
4. Emotions and moods change 3. These days, expert say
rapidly. that things are even
5. Peter Wilson, the Director of harder.
Young Minds, says his
statement.
6. We live in particularly difficult
times for a growing youngster.