PHYSICS

ART INTEGRATION
ON STATE – NAGALAND
A LAND OF FESTIVALS

SUBMITTED BY – INESH AGRAWAL, KANNAN AGRAWAL,

HARSHIT JAISWAL, DEVAM BANGAR
 AVAILABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY
Energy is one of the most important component of economic infrastructure. It is the basic input required to sustain economic growth.
Sources of energy are of two types- Conventional and Non- Conventional.
Conventional- The energy sources which cannot be compensates, once these are used are termed as convention source of energy.
some important conventional energy source are-
1) Coal- It was formed from the remains of trees and ferns grew in swamps around 500 millions year ago. Out of 6000 billions tons coal
stock under earth crust, 200 tons have been exploited the present society. Coal reserves are found in Jharkhand, Orissa, WB, MP and AP.
2) Hydropower- It is a conventional and renewable form of energy which can be transmitted to a long distance through cables and wires.
Eg. Hydro-power project Hirakund, Bhakra Mangal Project, Narmada valley Project, Nagarjuna Sagar Project, etc.
3) Nuclear Energy - There are 300 nuclear reactors all over the world. India has only 4 of them. This can be used
in production of electrical energy, as a fuel for marine vessel and space crafts and for the generation of heat in
chemical processing plants. In India, Uranium deposits are found at different parts of Rajasthan and Singhbum of
Jharkhand.
Non-Conventional- The energy sources which are continuously replenished by natural processes. These cannot be exhausted
easily, can be generated constantly so can be used again and again, e.g. solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, biomass
energy and geothermal energy etc. There are different types of energy are-

1) Wind Energy- The movement of air takes place due to the convection current set out in the atmosphere which is again
due to heating of earth’s surface by solar radiation, rotation of earth, etc. The average annual wind density is
3kW/metre square/ day along coast lines of Gujarat.

2) Tidal Energy- The energy associated with the tides of the ocean can be converted into electrical energy. France
constructed the first tidal power plant in 1966. Netherlands is famous for windmills. In India, Gujarat and TN have
windmills. The largest wind farm have been set up at Kanyakumari which generates 380 kW of electricity.

3) Geothermal Energy- The heat energy obtainable from hot rocks present inside the earth crust. The magma layer, is
pushed up due to some geological changes and get concentrated below the earth crust. The places of hot magma
concentration at fairly less depth known as hot spots. These hot spots are known as sources of geothermal energy.
 Source of Energy by Government

The state, despite having potential sites for hydropower generation, spends more than Rs 250 crore to purchase power from other
parts of the country, the planning, coordination and land revenue minister lamented. "Nagaland is the lowest generator of
electricity in the country. It spends over 250 crore annually to buy power from others, but the revenue generated through
distribution does not exceed Rs 120 crore."

According to the 2017-18 administrative report of the power department, the state's energy consumption during peak hours is
tipped at 165 MW and off-peak hours at 100 MW. Currently, Nagaland has 2,79,974 electricity consumers. The state generates just
about 84.93 MU of energy from its four power stations. However, the requirement by 2020 is expected to reach 250 MW."

Keseto Thakro, a mechanical engineer in Nagaland, has helped set up a mini hydropower plant at the Mewoboke river near his
village, Khuzama, to power street lights along a national highway. The project, called Brighter Khuzama, is led by Thakro as part
of the Khuzama Students’ Care Union (KSCU) and is run without any financial aid from the government or sponsors. The union
now aims to produce at least 1,000 KWH to light 50-60 streetlights along the national highway.
 Solar Energy for the Future

There are different forms or sources of renewable energy such as geothermal energy, wind energy, biomass
energy, tidal power, hydro power and solar energy etc. Solar energy is the most abundant energy resource on
earth. It is the acquisition of the sun’s energy harvested with several technologies. It is accounted that in 14 and
a half seconds, the sun provides as much energy to the earth as humanity uses in a single day. Solar energy is
the capturing of sunlight to create photovoltaic power (PV) or concentrated solar power (CSP) for solar
heating. 

The Solar Energy would be the best option for the future energy demand since it is superior in terms of
availability, cost effectiveness, accessibility, capacity and efficiency about moving towards energy
independence in a cost- effective way.

We can expect to see a future that is powered by green energy. “We can all make a difference, the thing is, we
have to decide what kind of difference we need to make today for the future of tomorrow.”
 Nagaland Vision Document 2030

It proposed that substantial investment along with up-scaling the communitisation process should be undertaken for
the reconstruction and upgradation of the old school and hospital building including accommodation facilities as part
of the government plan and programme within the next 5 years.

It is estimated that about 13,000 educated young people enter the job market annually. Taking into account 3 percent
attrition rate of government employees per annum, employment opportunities of about 3500 to 4000 would emerge in
government sector every year. This implies a need for creation of employment opportunities of at least 10,000
annually.

The Sixth Economic Census indicates that there are about 1,62,000 people employed outside farming and
government sector. The employment elasticity is 0.58, the vision document envisages the GSDP to grow at the rate of
10 Percent per annum so as to enable creation of at least 9,000 to 1,000 new job opportunities in the state every year.
 In next ten years perspective, the focus area for development is the agriculture sector with concentration on
specialization and commercial scale production and keeping in mind with the need foe food security.

In the power sector, the vision document stated that the immediate requirement is the upgradation and
improvement of the transmission and distribution system. In the long-term perspective, the generation potential in
the state, especially hydro and new and renewable energies, have to be fully developed in 2030. the IT
connectivity up to the village level, which is crucial, should pe put in place within next 3 years. Development of
infrastructure will promote trade and commerce and will also enhance the services sector that will open up large
employment opportunities.

The infrastructure so far created has been quite substantial and the need in the next 5-7 years is to improve the
quality of services provided by the various public institution such as schools and hospitals. For this, the focus
should be on improving and upgrading the skills and capacities of the service providers such as teachers and
health-care workers.
 THANK YOU
HAVE A NICE DAY.