Metals

• Most elements are metals

• Metals are elements that
conduct electricity and heat,
have shiny appearance, and
can be shaped by pounding
(malleability), bending, or
being drawn into a thin wire
(ductility)
 Metal types
• Reactive metals:
Group (up/down) 1
most reactive
• Transition Metals:
Group 3-12 (up/down)
generally less reactive
than most metals (d)
 Rare Earth Elements
• Top row of the two rows of
metals that are outside of
the main periodic table
• Also known as Lanthanides
because they follow the
element lanthanum (La) on
the table
• Scientists once thought
these metals were
available only in tiny
amounts on the Earth (4f)
 Actinide
• Bottom row of the two
rows of metals that are
outside of the main
periodic table

• The Actinide series is all

radioactive and some are
not found in nature (5f).
 Nonmetals
• Nonmetals: the elements
on the right side of the
periodic table
• Many are gases at room
temperature, dull surfaces
on the solid nonmetals,
cannot be shaped by
ductility or malleability
 Halogens

• Elements in group 17

• Greek “forming salts

• Very reactive non-metals that

easily form compounds with
metals. These compounds are
known as salts.
 Noble Gases

• Group 18 on the periodic

table

• Noble or inert because

they almost never react
with other elements
 Metalloids
• Have properties of both
metals and nonmetals
• Located on either side of
the zigzag line separating
metals and nonmetals
• Most common is Silicon
 Radioactivity
• Radioactivity: the process by which
the nucleus of an atom releases
energy and particles

• Marie Curie was the first person to

isolate two radioactive elements
(polonium and radium)

• An isotope is radioactive if the

nucleus has too many or too few
neutrons
 Radioactive Decay
• Radioactive atoms produce
energy and particles from their
nuclei
• The identity of these atoms
changes because the # of
protons changes. (radioactive
decay)
• Occurs at a steady rate
characteristic to each isotope
• The amount of time for one-half
of the atoms to decay is called
the half-life of the isotope
Properties of Metals and Nonmetals
Exercise
 Exercise

A certain isotope X contains 23 protons and 28 neutrons.

• What is the mass number of this isotope?

• Identify the element.

Mass Number = 51
Vanadium
 Try the following
Name Symbol # Protons # Neutrons # Electrons Mass #
Carbon – 11

197
Au
79
1 2

25 55

Oxygen - 15
 Try this one

Name Symbol # Protons # Neutrons # Electrons Mass #

Iodine -1 - 130
 Atomic Mass
• ______________–the
weighted average mass of
all the naturally occurring
isotopes of that element.

• The number is usually

located at the bottom of
the periodic table and has
decimal places
Calculating Atomic Mass
 Try this one…
Calculate the atomic mass of germanium.
 You can tell many things from an isotope formula

• Hydrogen has three naturally occurring isotopes in

nature: Hydrogen – 1, Hydrogen – 2, and Hydrogen –
3.

– Which is the most abundant in nature?

– Which is the heaviest?

 Periodic Table

• Periodic Table – arrangement of elements

in order of increasing __________ with
elements having similar properties in
vertical columns

– __________– vertical columns

– __________– horizontal rows

 Groups

• The group tell you the number of ________________ that the

element has

• Valence electrons are electrons in the __________ shell of the

atom
 Characteristics
• Elements in the same group exhibit similar
chemical characteristics due to the fact that
they all have the same number of
_____________________.

• The most stable number of valence

electrons is __________

• This is called an __________

 Physical States and Classes of the Elements

• The majority of the elements are __________

• They occupy the entire __________side and
center of the periodic table.
• __________ occupy the upper-right-hand corner.
• __________ are located along the boundary
between metals and nonmetals.
 Metals
• Metals are elements that have __________,
__________heat and electricity, and usually
bend without breaking.

• All metals except __________are solids at

room temperature.
 Transition Metals
• The elements in Groups 3 through 12 of the
periodic table are called the ___________
elements.

• All transition elements are ___________.

• Many transition metals can have more than one

charge
 Inner Transition Metals
• Atomic numbers 58-71 and 90-103, are known as
___________ transition metals

• These elements are separated from the main table

because putting them in their proper position would
make the table very wide.
 Non Metals
• Most nonmetals don’t conduct
electricity, are much poorer conductors
of heat than metals, and are __________
when solid.
• Many are __________ at room
temperature
• Those that are solids lack the luster of
metals.
 Basic Definitions
• ____________ – smallest unit of an element that retains
the properties of that element
• Atoms are made up of several subatomic particles called
__________, __________, and __________
 Protons, Neutrons, & Electrons

• Protons – have a __________charge and are

found in the __________ of the atom
• Neutrons – have __________charge and are also
found in the __________of an atom
• Electrons – have a __________charge and are
found __________ of the nucleus
• Nucleus – made up of __________and
__________, has an overall __________ charge
 Atomic Numbers
• The atomic number of an element is the number of
__________in the nucleus of an atom of that element.

• It is the number of protons that determines the identity of an

element.

• The number of __________ for an element CANNOT be changed.

 Atomic Numbers
• Because atoms have no overall charge, the
number of __________must equal the number of
__________.

• So, the atomic number of an element also tells

the number of __________ in a __________atom.

• The number of __________ can be changed when

determining the charge of an __________.
 Masses
• The sum of the __________ and __________ in the
nucleus is the mass number.

• __________ of an element have different mass numbers

because they have different numbers of neutrons.