I.

Categories of Learning

a. Auditory learning
b. Visual learning
c. Kinesthetic learning
AUDITORY LEARNING
• Students learns most effectively in listening.

Strength of Auditory learners

• Good memory for spoken information
• Good public speaking abilities
• Strong listening skills
• Excel in oral presentation and exams
• Good at telling stories
• Good ability to read aloud and retain information
• Able to explain ideas well
How to teach Auditory learners?

• REPETITION– Repeating spoken information

• VERBAL DISCOURSE – Discussion, conversation etc.
• MULTIPLE LEARNING OUTLETS – give students different options for
learning
VISUAL LEARNING
• Is a type of learning style in which students prefer to use images,
graphics, colors and maps to communicate ideas and thoughts.

Strength of Visual Learners

• Ability to visualize objects
• A good sense of balance and alignment
• Usually very organized
• Very color oriented
• Can identify simple similarities and differences in things
How to teach Visual Learners?
• Using visual aids
• Grouping visual learners together during group project
• Allowing reflection time after lessons
• Incorporating color into presentations and assignment
 KINESTHETIC LEARNING
• Kinesthetic learners, process information best when they are
physically engaged during the learner process.

Strenght of Kinesthetic learners

• Quick reactioN
• Excellent motor memory ( can duplicate something after doing it once)
• Good at sport
• Perform well in art and drama
• High levels of energy
How to teach kinesthetic learners?
• Allow them to stand, bounce their
legs during lectures
• Allow them to perform movement
task before and after lectures.
 J. EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION
ROBERT GAGNE - Is a Educational psychologist who created a nine step
process called the Events of Instruction.

Nine Events of Instruction

1. Gaining attention
2. Informing learners of the objective
3. Stimulating recall of prior Learning
4. Presenting the stimulus
5. Providing learning guidance
6. Eliciting performance
7. Providing feedback
8. Assessing performance
9. Enhancing retention and transfer
PREPARATION
1. Gaining Attention (Reception)
* Begin the learning session by gaining the attention of the learners

2. Informing learning of the objective (expectancy)

* Inform the learners of the learning objectives to help them understand
what they will be learning during the session and how do they will be able to
use the knowledge in the future.

3. Stimulating recall prior Learning ( retrieval)

* Help the learners make sense of new information by relating it to
something they have already experience.
Instruction and Practice
4. Presenting the Stimulus (selective perception)
* Present the Learner with the new information using learning
strategies to provide effective instructions.

5. Providing Learning Guidance (Semantic Encoding)

* Offer the learner guidance by providing coaching on how to learn
the skill.
*provide guidance using cues, hints, and/or prompts to help them
understand and remember what they are learning
Continuation
6. Eliciting performance (respondin)
. * Provide learners with practice activities to activate the learning
process

7. Providing Feedback (reinforcement)

* Provide immediate feedback of learner’s performance to assess
and facilitate learning.
. * Tips on providing feedback:
* Be positive, Be effective, use first hand observation
Assessment and transfer
8. Assisting performance ( retrieval)
• Administer a test to the learner to determine if the expected
learning outcomes have been achieved

9. Enhancing Retention and transfer ( Generalization)

* Give learner resources that enhance retention and transfer of
knowledge.