Dogs eat meat

Elephants gobble vegetables

 Fred stopped How many
E lizabeth started syllables?
Fred ran
Fred has stopped
Fred should have stopped by now
Fred ran
Fred has stopped
Fred should have stopped by now
 'John 'loves 'Ann
Pe 'nelope a 'dores 'Christopher
'Fred is e 'namoured of 'Oliver
Isochronic sentence stress

Stessed syllables in the sentence seem

to occur at fairly regular intervals,
irrespectively of the number of
unstressed syllables between them
Where's the book I left on the table?
Where's the package I left on the able?
Where's the dictionary I left on the table?
Where's the cas sette I left on the table?
Where's the package I left on the re frigerator?
Where's the package I left on the infor mation desk?
Where's the book I left on the table?
Where's the book I left here?
What's the book like?
1we0z ð0 1buk ai 1left on ð0 1teibL
/ x / x / x x / x

1we0z ð0 1pækiD ai 1left on ð0 1teibL

/ x / x / x x / x

1we0z ð0 1dikSNrí ai 1left on ð0 1teibL

/ x / x x x / x x / x

1we0z ð0 k0 1set ai 1left on ð0 1teibL

/ x x / x / x x / x

1we0z ð0 ‘1pækiD ai 1left on ð0 ri 1friD0reit0

/ x / x x / x x x / x x x

1we0z ð0 1pækiD ai 1left on ðí inf0 1meiSN 1desk

/ x / x x / x x x x / x /
1we0z ð0 1buk ai 1left on ð0 1teibL
/ x / x / x x / x

1we0z ð0 1buk ai 1left 1hi0

/ x / x / /

1wots ð0 1buk 1laik

/ x / /
 Isochronic stress
dogs eat meat
/ / /
elephants gobble vegetables
/ x x / x / x x
 stress-timed languages
syllable-timed languages
dogs eat meat
/ / /
elephants gobble vegetables
/ x x / x / x x

les chiens mangent de la viande

x x x (x) x x x (x)
les éléphants avalent des légumes
x xx x x (x) x x x (x )
Mary at least has never pretended
she could sing
'Mary at least has never pretended
she could sing
'Mary at 'least has never pretended
she could sing
'Mary at 'least has 'never pretended
she could sing
'Mary at 'least has 'never pre'tended
she could sing
'Mary at 'least has 'never pre'tended
she could 'sing
'Mary
at
'least
has
'never
pre'tended
she could

'sing
'Mary at 'least

has 'never pre'tended

she could 'sing

 Weak and strong vowels again
• Review 4th-week slide show on Weak and
strong Vowels
• See web page:
http://www.hi.is/~peturk/KENNSLA/02/TO
P/weakstrong.html
Review:
banana Banbury

reverse redolent

accuse accurate

photography photograph
 Review: unstressed
stressed syllables
syllables

all vowels except mainly:

SCHWA
KIT
FOOT
(all other vowels
can occur....)
Review:
unstressed syllables
mainly:
SCHWA
KIT
FOOT
(all other vowels
can occur....)
In any single word, which of these
possibilities occurs?
 Review: Compare:

arrive arrow

obey opera

return
re-play

believe

today two days

 Review: CLOSE (HIGH

FRONT

BACK
OPEN (LOW)
Review:
 Review:
decide to know
wanted you know

kisses accurate

attack occur purpose

Review:
 Review:
decide to know
wanted you know

kisses accurate

attack occur purpose

 Sentence stress
Which words in the sentence carry
stress?
Distinguish between:

• LEXICAL WORDS
(content words, open-class items)
• nouns
• adjectives
• adverbs
• lexical verbs

•STRUCTURAL WORDS
(functional words, closed-class
items)
• prepositions
• pronouns
• auxiliary verbs
... and some other places!
Further details at
http://notendur.hi.is/peturk/KENNSLA/02/Slides/26%20Sentence%20stress%20p
Four weeks ago, with the finance system
in freefall, Grimsson underwent a heart
operation. He emerged to make a TV
appearance in which he begged his
compatriots to forgive him for making what
- he could see in retrospect - was a
buffoonish spectacle of himself as head of
a country now perceived globally as an
ostentatious upstart, and by some (such
as Gordon Brown) as a debt-defaulting
pariah.