C2 - EcoTech Assessment in PDS Design 1

FEEE
Ensuring Enhanced Education
www.hcmute.edu.vn/feee/
LECTURE NOTE
MODULE: POWER DISTRIBUTION
Level: UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM
Lecturer: VO VIET CUONG, PhD.

FEEE
Ensuring Enhanced Education CHAPTER 2
ECONOMICAL AND TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT IN

POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DESIGN
FEEE
CHAPTER CONTENT
1 Technical Assessment Criteria
2 Economical Assessment Criteria
3 Combined Eco-Tech Assessment

FEEE
CHAPTER CONTENT
1 Technical Assessment Criteria

FEEE
TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
Safety High automation capacity
Technical
Flexibility Power qualities
Criteria
Simplification in Power distribution system

installation, operation and reliability
maintenance
FEEE
POWER QUALITIES:
FREQUENCY
VOLTAGE QUALITY
QUALITY
● Frequency deviation ● Voltage deviation

● Frequency fluctuation ● Voltage fluctuation
FEEE
POWER QUALITIES:
Frequency deviation
- An average algebraic difference in 10 minutes of measured and
nominal values of basic frequency.
- According to Vietnamese and Singaporean National Standards,

accepted frequency difference
FEEE
POWER QUALITIES:
Frequency fluctuation
- A difference between the maximum and minimum values of basic
frequency when the variation of frequency is bigger than 0.2 Hz
per second.
- Where is the phase angle of the sinusoidal wave with respect to

time .
FEEE
POWER QUALITIES:
Voltage deviation
- The difference, generally expressed as a percentage, between the
voltage at a given instant at a point in the system and a reference
voltage value (often as nominal voltage).
- When and are the upper and lower limit of the voltage deviation,
respectively, then .
FEEE
POWER QUALITIES:
Voltage fluctuation
- The difference of maximum and minimum root mean squares
(RMS) or peak voltage value occurring during the disturbance
(over a specified unit of time)
- Voltage fluctuation can cause numerous harmful effects,

especially light flicker which can significantly impair human
vision and productivity. It must be lower than 10% per hour.
FEEE
POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM RELIABILITY:

- Reliability of a power distribution system (PDS) is defined as the
ability to deliver uninterrupted service to customer (Harikrishna
et al., 2013).
- Commonly indices to reflect the reliability of a PDS:
+ SAIFI – System Average Interruption Frequency Index
+ SAIDI – System Average Interruption Duration Index
+ CAIDI – Customer Average Interruption Duration Index
+ MAIFI – Momentary Average Interruption Frequency Index
+ ASAI – Average Service Availability Index
FEEE
SIMPLIFICATION IN INSTALLATION, OPERATION, AND

MAINTENANCE:
INSTALLATION OPERATION MAINTENANCE
• Easy to installation • Easy to switch/control • Easy to replace/repair

• Minimum wire-conductor • Minimum consumption • Minimum interruption
• Optimal safety • Minimum elec. faults • Min. maintenance cost
• Minimum investment • Maximum comforts • Minimum replacement.
FEEE
FLEXIBILITY:
Easy to be expanded
and to develop the EXPANSION
network in future.
Ensure the ability
TECH. for technology to
DEV. be upgraded and
developed.
FEEE
SAFETY:
Safety for standardised voltage
Prevent from inflamation
Corrosion prevention
Corridor
FEEE
HIGH AUTOMATION CAPACITY:
Layout of a medium voltage automation system

Source: Eaton Online (2015)
FEEE
CHAPTER CONTENT
2 Economical Assessment Criteria

FEEE
ECONOMICAL ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
TOTAL INVESTMENT OF A PDS SOLUTION consists of
1 2
CAPITAL ANNUAL
COST O&M COST
Initial capital O&M cost (C)
cost (V) is is paid annually
invested in a for a long time
short period. corresponding
to project's life.
FEEE
INITIAL CAPITAL COST (V)
V2 V3
Inventory cost for Indirect labor cost
equipment in facilities Facilities supervisory
construction phase Assurances
Taxes
Other costs
V1
Equipment payment
Facilities construction.
FEEE
ANNUAL (PERIODICAL) O&M COST (C)
Blackout cost
C5
C4 Power loss cost
Depreciation cost C3

Required equipment
C2
cost for maintenance
Maintenance C1
operational cost
Where:
- maintenance factor; - equipment factor; - depreciation factor; - generation cost per kWh [VND/kWh]; – annual
power losses () [kW]; - peak power loss [kW]; – peak power loss duration [hour]; – initial capital cost [VND]
FEEE
PAYBACK CALCULATION METHOD

- Payback simple calculation formula
- Or calculated converting cost expression as:
Where:
and - investment cost for solution 1 and 2, respectively [VND]; and - annual/periodical O&M cost of solution 1 and
2, respectively [VND]; - economical efficiency norm factor ; - max. duration of payback (commonly chosen as 7
years for a PDS)
FEEE
CHOOSING A SOLUTION/MAKING DECISION

Only 2 solutions
- If then choose solution 1 (less )
- If then choose solution 2 (more )
More than 3 solutions
- Using calculated converting cost expression:
- If then choose solution 1

- If then choose solution 2
FEEE
CHAPTER CONTENT
3 Combined Eco-Tech Assessment

FEEE
COMBINED ECO-TECH ASSESSMENT
STEP BY STEP METHOD
4

Choose the
solution which has
3 Calculate values
for each
Choose fulfilled
2 solutions and
compare them
1
Analyse & eliminate
inappropriate
solutions
FEEE
COMBINED ECO-TECH ASSESSMENT
UNNECESSARY TO BE COMPARED FOR ECO-CRITERIA
1 Special/specific materials Need to be

listed officially E.g. aluminium conductor,
steel electric construction...
Supply for By special offer High risks of inflammation,

2 and approval deaths, wars, securities...
special/specific consumer
How many construction has
By experience of similarities (in experience)?
3 Historical experience decision-maker
FEEE
REFERENCES
REFERENCES:
Harikrishna, K., V., Ashok, V., Chandrasekhar, P., Raghunatha, T., and Deshpande, R., A.
(2013) "Predictive Reliability Assessment in the Power Distribution System". The Journal of
Central Power Research Institute, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 335-342.
Eaton Online (2015) "Medium voltage automation solutions". Available at
http://www.eaton.eu/Europe/Electrical/ProductsServices/PowerDistribution/MediumVoltageSw
itchgear/MediumVoltageAutomationSolutions/index.htm

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FEEE

Ensuring Enhanced Education

Level: UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM

Lecturer: VO VIET CUONG, PhD.

ECONOMICAL AND TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT IN

1 Technical Assessment Criteria

2 Economical Assessment Criteria

3 Combined Eco-Tech Assessment

1 Technical Assessment Criteria

Safety High automation capacity

Simplification in Power distribution system

● Frequency deviation ● Voltage deviation

- According to Vietnamese and Singaporean National Standards,

- Where is the phase angle of the sinusoidal wave with respect to

- Voltage fluctuation can cause numerous harmful effects,

POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM RELIABILITY:

SIMPLIFICATION IN INSTALLATION, OPERATION, AND

INSTALLATION OPERATION MAINTENANCE

• Easy to installation • Easy to switch/control • Easy to replace/repair

Safety for standardised voltage

Prevent from inflamation

HIGH AUTOMATION CAPACITY:

Layout of a medium voltage automation system

2 Economical Assessment Criteria

TOTAL INVESTMENT OF A PDS SOLUTION consists of

INITIAL CAPITAL COST (V)

ANNUAL (PERIODICAL) O&M COST (C)

C4 Power loss cost

PAYBACK CALCULATION METHOD

- Or calculated converting cost expression as:

CHOOSING A SOLUTION/MAKING DECISION

- If then choose solution 1

3 Combined Eco-Tech Assessment

STEP BY STEP METHOD

UNNECESSARY TO BE COMPARED FOR ECO-CRITERIA

1 Special/specific materials Need to be

Supply for By special offer High risks of inflammation,

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