FLOOR FINISHES: WOOD

MADE BY-
RITISHA GUPTA
SAYLI NAMJOSHI
 INTRODUCTION
 Wood flooring is manufactured from timber that is
designed for use as flooring either structural or aesthetic.
 It is extensively available in many styles, colors, cuts and
species.
 Wood is common choice for flooring due to its
environmental profile, durability and restorability.
 The great thing about having wood as a flooring material
is that it actually gets more beautiful with time.
 MERITS & DEMERITS OF WOODEN FLOORING
MERITS
1. Wood is a common choice as a flooring material
due to its environmental profile, durability, and
restorability.
2. It is long lasting i.e. it has more durability.
3. Provides healthy air quality.
4. Soft for feet unlike concrete and tiles.
5. Gives aesthetic look.
6. Requires low cost for maintenance and has easy
installation.
DEMERITS
1. Cost of flooring is higher as compared to tile or
concrete.
2. It is Prone to termite attack.
3. Water contact should be as minimum as possible
otherwise floors get swollen.
4. Wood flooring is prone to having dents and
scratches.
5. Not advised to get it installed in bathroom and
kitchen. As these are areas with high exposure to
moisture and spills, which can damage the wood.
TYPES OF FLOORING
 1. LAMINATE FLOORING
 It is compressed fiberboard plank covered by photographic image of
flooring.
 It is generally laid on floors of living areas, study rooms or playrooms.
 Along with wood it is also available for stone and tile.
 Some of them have waterproof core for bathrooms and kitchens.
 Prices in India start from Rs. 250 per sq. m.
 The cheapest one are smooth and comparatively unrealistic.

Wood Stone Tile

 MERITS & DEMERITS
MERITS DEMERITS

1. It is cheap. 1. They might not feel or look like a real

flooring.
2. It’s hardwearing.
2. Joints may wear over time.
3. Click- lock designs are available which are
easier to install. 3. It contain some dangerous chemical
compounds.
4. They can give the most natural look to the
flooring.

It gets swollen due to

Surface damage is hard to moisture and can’t be
fix. repaired.
 2. ENGINEERED WOOD FLOORING
 Each board is 3- 4 layers of wood glued together to form a
plank.
 It is around 14 mm. thick.
 On top, it has 4 mm. thick real- wood veneer.
 This means it can be sanded back and treated if damaged.
 It is not to be exposed to water or humidity.
 For stairs, it can be time consuming and noisy.
 Sometimes it can be hard to achieve a good finish too.
 Price in India starts from Rs. 1600 per sq. m.
 MERITS & DEMERITS
MERITS DEMERITS

1. As compared to a solid wood piece, this is 1. Tongue- and- groove is difficult to install
more stable. than click- lock.

2. It is less prone to temperature and humidity. 2. This can be much more expensive than
laminate flooring.
3. It is more attractive than laminated flooring.
3. Engineered wood can be scratched and
4. It’s cheaper than solid wood planks. dented.

4. Engineered Wood is not Waterproof.

 3. SOLID WOOD FLOORING
Each board is a single piece of wood.
It’s around 18- 20 mm. thick.
It is generally fitted using tongue- and- groove
joinery.
It can be sanded back and restored.
It can be used anywhere.
Generally, it’s used in hallways or living areas.
 MERITS & DEMERITS
MERITS DEMERITS

1. It looks fabulous. 1. It swells in damp condition.

2. Long-Lasting & Cost-Effective 2. It may shrink in dry condition.

3. Low maintenance & easy to clean. 3. It is toughest to install as it needs to be glued

or nailed down.
4. Color doesn't fade.
4. It is most expensive compared to other
types.

Shrinkage and swelling

 JOINERIES USED IN FLOORING
S. NO. TYPE APPLICATION IMAGE

To join up wood edges that need to be

1) Tongue & groove joint flat and parallel to each other

Joints between parts that are

2) Butt joint
generally in line

Rebate joints are employed over a

3) Rebate joint
wide range of constructive processes
S. NO. TYPE APPLICATION IMAGE

Commonly used when building with

4) Half lapped joint framing lumber, especially on long
runs and for 90-degree intersections.

This joint consist of forming a notch

2) Notched joint in one or more pieces of the timber/
wood.

Used at T joints and provides good

3) Housing joint/ Dado joint
strength.
 HARDWOOD AND SOFTWOOD
COMPARISON
HARDWOOD SOFTWOOD

1. Denser than softwood 1. Less dense than hardwood

2. Heavier 2. Lighter

3. More wastage as hardwood trees don’t grow straight 3. Less wastage as softwood trees grow straight
4. Less expensive
4. More expensive
5. Less resistant to fire
5. More resistant to fire
6. Windows, doors, medium- density fiberboard etc.
6. Used for furniture, deck, flooring etc.
7. Ex.- pine, cedar etc.
7. Ex.- maple, teak, walnut etc.
 FITTING METHODS
The three main fitting method available in India:
I. Floating
II. Glued
III. Nailed

1) FLOATING
 The floating floor is a floor that is neither nailed nor
glued to the sub floor. Plank flooring
Concrete
 This floor might be laid over the sub floor after laying screws
blind
an appropriate underlay. flooring
 It is not recommended for solid wood flooring. nail Treated
plywood
 Used for small floor board.
Plastic

Concrete
2) GLUED
Fully glued floor fitting is the most popular choice for
fitting.
In this fitting the board are placed directly on top.
It is fitted on top of UFH(under floor heating).
This will prevent existence of air pocket which might
occur.

3) NAILED
Nailing is the traditional method used to fit wooden floors.
Nails are put through the tongue of the wooden boards.
These nails are covered when the groove is butted up to
the board.
 Nailed floor can be laid over timber battens, directly on to
the timber floor joist after fitting a layer of plywood or an
oriented strand board(OSB).
 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
 A concrete bed(100- 150 mm. thick) is laid.
 Trapezium shaped wooden battens(50- 75 mm.
thick) are embedded in concrete bed at
approximately 500- 700 mm. interval.
 Wooden planks are laid on battens.
 Planks are connected to each other by tongue and
groove joint.
 Planks are connected to battens using screws. First base concrete is laid in 150- 200 mm.
thickness.

A layer of mastic asphalt is applied.

Then wooden block flooring is laid.

 TYPES OF DESIGNS
1. STRIP FLOORING
 They are narrow and thin strips of timber .
 joined by tongue and groove joints .
 Normal strips are of 6 to 10 cm in width and 2 to 2.5 cm in
thickness .

Strip flooring
2. WOOD BLOCK FLOORING
This consist of short but thicker wood blocks which are
laid in suitable designs over a concrete base .
 These blocks are properly joined together with the
grains exposed.
 Size varies from 20 x 8 cm to 30 x 8 cm and thickness
varies from 2 to 4 cm.
Wood block flooring
1. PARQUET FLOORING
 This is similar to block flooring except thin
blocks are supported on sub-floors .
 The blocks are laid by means of hot glue in
desired pattern and then nailed with panel
pins .
 It is most Popular flooring type these days.
2. PLANK FLOORING
 In this type of flooring wider planks are Parquet flooring
used.
 Joined by tongue and groove joints.
 Narrow planks are of width 70 - 100 mm,
while wider are of width 125 - 200 mm.
Plank vs. strip

Plank flooring
CONDITIONS TO PROVIDE WOODEN FLOORING
Wood floors should be installed at the final stage,
prior to decoration.

The boards should be laid lengthways towards the

main incoming light source and, where possible, down
the length of the room.

All internal conditions should be stable and suitable for the

installation of the flooring.

5mm expansion gap should be provided between the wooden

boards / planks.
All the wet construction elements like concrete
,plastering , etc. should be completed and
thoroughly dried before the wooden flooring is
provided.

Appropriate humidity and temperature should be

achieved inside the building .

Sub floor Finished floor

Acclimating the wood flooring is necessary because

there may be chances of excessive expansion,
shrinkage, dimensional distortion or structural damage
Joist underlayment
of the wooden boards and planks.
THANKYOU!