Professional Documents
Culture Documents
constructions
Timber floors
• Wood covered floors may be divided into two classes:-
• 100mm wide boards are used for first class work, 115mm for
average work and 175mm boards for commoner work.
• Bridging joists – The timber joists that immediately support
the floor boarding.
•The floor consists of wooden joists (also called bridging joists) spaced
30 to 40 cm apart.
•The width of joists are kept 5 to 8 cm wide. The depth of the joists is
determined from the thumb rule: Depth(cm)=(4xspan in meters) + 5 cm.
Single floors
Sizes of joists – the sizes of joists depend upon
a) Span
•Load – the minimum load allowed on floors varies with the type of
building. 1.5 kN/m2 for a house & 2.4 to 9 kN/m2 for a warehouse.
• For free circulation of air to all gr. Floor timbers, the wall plates should be supported
by sleeper walls built parallel to and about 50mm from the main walls.
• If the wall plates and ends of the joists are built into the wall it is necessary to form
an air space round the sides and tops of the joists and it is advisable to apply two
coats of creosote .
• For more ventilation for the wooden floor air bricks are fixed in the external walls.
• Voids are also kept in the sleeper wall often called as honeycombed.
Single ground
floor
Timber floors
a) Includes pairs of inclined pieces of timber which are tightly fitted between the joists.
c) Is effective even if joints shrink in the direction of their depth and thickness
d) The depth shrinkage tends to reduce the inclination of the struts with increase in
compression
Types of strutting
Types of strutting
• Solid strutting
2) This method is not as effective as herring bone strutting as its tends to loose the
strength due to movement.
4) To make this type of strutting effective it is essential to fix a long circular steel or
wrought iron rod through the whole of the joists and near to the strutting.
Types of strutting
Double floors
Double floors
• This type of floors are stronger than single joisted floors and used when
span is between 3.5 to 5 m.
• The ends of the binders if embedded inside the wall are to be placed over
stone or concrete base with necessary gap on top and sides to avoid
contact with masonry.
•Double floors
✓ Double floors
Plan
First floor (double floor with balcony)
✓ Double floors
✓ Double floors
✓ Double floors
Triple Floor
Triple floors
• This type of floor is used when span of binders is generally 5 to 10 m and the
superimposed load is very heavy.
• Bridging joists which will support floor boards will be supported by binders which in turn
will be supported by the timber girders.
• Binders are connected to the girders by using tusk and tennon joint.
• Timber girders are to be supported in the shorter direction preferably not exceeding 5 m.
Fr a m e d o r t r i p l e j o i s t t i m b e r f l o o r s
Bridging joist
Binders
More than 7.5m
3m
Girders
PLAN
D e ta i l s o f f r a m e d t i m b e r f l o o r s
Floor boards
Bridging joists
Furring piece
Girders
Binder Binder
Ceiling
Tusk and tenon joint
Ceiling joist
Single joist Double joist Triple joist
(framed)
3.6 to 7.5m More than 7.5m
Below 3 m
Bridging joist
Strutting
Joist
Bridging joist
1.8m to 2.4m
Binders
Girder
Binder
Solid floors
These floors are of concrete, they may be covered with wood boards or
blocks.
Boards on concrete - wood fillets are partially embedded in the concrete
floor and the boards are fixed to them. To prevent dry rot concrete must
be dry, the fillets must be treated with preservative and the top of
concrete given two coats of bitumen.
Blocks on concrete – the concrete floor is covered with wood blocks, a
bituminous material or mastic being used as an adhesive. The nominal
sizes vary from 225 to 300mm long by 75 mm wide by 25 to 38 mm thick.
Timber floor joinery details
•Joints for floor boards –
a) Square or plain joint
b) Rebated joint
c) Tongued and grooved joint
d) Rebated tongued and grooved joint
e) Splayed, rebated, tongued and grooved joint
f) Ploughed and tongued joint
g) Heading or end joints
Joints between the floor boards
• Square or plain joint – edges are cut and planed at
right angles
Single notched
and cogged
joint
Housed joint
Dovetailed, Bevelled and square
Half lapped joint
housed joint