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Induction Hardening
Process
MUBASHIR SHEHZAD 2017-BT-MECH-713
MUHAMMAD SHAHID 2017-BT-MECH-715
KHURAM SHEHZAD 2017-BT-MECH-718
RAMIZ KHURAM 2017-BT-MECH-720
MUHAMMAD ARSHAD 2017-BT-MECH-726
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CONTENTS

 Introduction
 History
 Basic Principle
 Tempering
 Methods Of Hardening
 Applications Of Hardening
 Advantages And Dis-advantages
 References
 
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INTRODUCTION

 Hardening Is Process In Which Steel Is Heated To A Temperature Above The Critical

Point, Held At This Temperature And Quenched In Water, Oil Or Molten Salt Bath.
 
 Types Of Hardening Are Quench Hardening, Work Hardening, Precipitation Hardening,
And Surface Hardening.
 
 Types Of Surface Hardening Are Flame Hardening, Induction Hardening, Carburizing,
Cyaniding, Nitriding, Carbonitriding.
INTRODUCTION 4

 Induction Hardening Is A Form Of Heat Treatment In Which A

Metal Part Is Heated By Induction Heating And Then Quenched.
 
 Material Is Heated By Passing The Current That Generates
Alternating Magnetic Field Resistance Leads To Heating Of The
Metal.
INTRODUCTION 5
Types Of Hardening 6

 Quench Hardening
Quench Hardening Is A Mechanical Process In Which Steel
And Cast Iron Alloys Are Strengthened And Hardened. These
Metals Consist Of Ferrous Metals And Alloys. This Is Done By
Heating The Material To A Certain Temperature, Depending On The
Material.
 

 Work Hardening
Work Hardening, Also Known As Strain Hardening, Is The
Strengthening Of A Metal Or Polymer By Plastic Deformation. This
Strengthening Occurs Because Of Dislocation Movements And
Dislocation Generation Within The Crystal Structure Of The
Material.
Types Of Hardening 7

 Precipitation Hardening
Precipitation Hardening, Also Called Age Hardening Or
Particle Hardening, Is A Heat Treatment Technique Used To
Increase The Yield Strength Of Malleable Materials, Including
Most Structural Alloys Of Aluminum, Magnesium, Nickel,
Titanium, And Some Steels And Stainless Steels.
 
 Surface Hardening
 
Case-hardening Or Surface Hardening Is The Process Of
Hardening The Surface Of A Metal Object While Allowing The
Metal Deeper Underneath To Remain Soft, Thus Forming A Thin
Layer Of Harder Metal At The Surface.
Types Of Case/Surface Hardening 8

 Flame Or Induction Hardening.

 Carburizing.
 Nitriding.
 Cyaniding.
 Carbo-nitriding.
 Ferritic Nitro-carburizing.
 
History 9

 The Basis Of All Induction Hardening Systems Was Discovered In 1831 By Michael
Faraday.
 
 Faraday Proved That By Winding Two Coils Possible To Create A Momentary
Electromotive Force In The Second Winding By Switching The Electric Current In The
First Winding On And Off.
 
 Using This Principle Invented Electrical Generators And Electric Motors Which Are
Variants Of The Same Thing.
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 But The Dis-advantages Of These System Is They Generate A Heat.

 
 To Avoid This Heat Generate Used Laminates Cores And Others And Other Methods To
Minimize The Effects.

 
 Engineer At Midvale Steel And The Ohio Crankshaft Company Drew On This Knowledge To
Develop The First Surface Hardening Induction Heating Systems Using Motor Generators.

 
 Modern Day Induction Heating Units Utilize The Latest In Semiconductor Technology And
Digital Control Systems To Develop A Range Of Powers From 1kw To Many Megawatts.
Basic Principle 11

 All Metals Conduct Electricity, While Offering Resistance To The Flow Of This Electricity.
 
 The Resistance To This Flow Of Current Causes Losses In Power That Show Up In The Form Of Heat.
 
 This Is Because, According To The Law Of Conservation Of Energy.
 
 The Losses Produced By Resistance Are Based Upon The Basic Electrical Formula:
 
P=i^2r
Induction Hardening 12

 Heat Treatment Used For Metal(typically Steel).

 
 Uses Electromagnetic Induction.
 
 Eddy Currents Are Generated In Metal.
 Resistive Heating Is Proportional To Resistance In Metal And Currents
Produce.
 Hardening May Be Done On The Surface Or Throughout Entire Workpiece

 Utilize Localized Heating

 Does Not Effect Properties Of The Parts As A Whole
 Practical Way Of Heating 13

 Ac Current Through A Copper Coil, And A Part To Be Heated (The Work Piece) Is Placed Inside The
Inductor.
 
 As Soon As Ac Supplied Work Piece Enters The Magnetic Field, Circulating Eddy Current Are Induced
Within The Part.
Practical Way Of Heating 14

 These Eddy Currents Flow Against The Electrical Resistivity Of The Metal,
Generating Precise And Localize Heat.
 
 This Heating Occurs With Both Magnetic And Non-magnetic Parts, And Is Often
Referred To As The “Joule Effect”.
 
 Secondarily, Additional Heat Is Produced Within Magnetic Parts Through
Hysteresis – Internal Friction That Is Created When Magnetic Parts Pass Through
The Inductor.
 
Factors To Consider 15

 Characteristics Of Work Piece

 Metal Or Plastic
 Magnetic Or Non-magnetic
 Resistivity

 Inductor (Coil) Design

 Power Supply

 Degree Of Temperature Range Is Required

Methods Of Induction Hardening 16

 Single Shot Hardening

 
 Single Shot Hardening Means The Complete Hardening Zone Is First
Heated And Then Quenched.
 
 Hardening Can Be Achieved With A Multi-turn Coil The Circles Entire
Hardening Zone.
 
 Single Shot Often Used In Cases Where No Other Method Will Achieve
Direct Result.
 
 Drawback – The Coil Design Can Be An Extremely Complex And
Involved Process.
Methods Of Induction Hardening 17

 Traverse Hardening Method

 
 In Traverse Hardening Systems The Work Piece Is Passed Through The
Induction Coil Progressively And A Following Quench Spray Or Ring Is
Utilized.
 
 The Component Is Fed Through A Ring Type Inductor Which Normally
Feathers A Single Turn.
 
 Traverse Hardening Is Used Extensively In The Production Of Shaft
Type Components Such As Axle Shafts, Excavator Bucket Pins, Steering
Components, Power Tool Shafts And Drive Shafts.
Advantages 18

 Specific Limited Local Hardening Is Possible

 
 The Distortion Can Be Kept Very Small
 
 The Hardening Times Will Be Shorten
 
 Improved Product Quality
 
 Heating Process Controllable And Repeatable
 
 More Production Rate
Dis-Advantages 19

 High Capital Investment Is Need

 

 Each Shape Of A Components Requires Inductor To Be Designed For It, This Comes In Difficult In
Induction Hardening
Application 20

 Industrial Application

 
 Medical Application
 

 Work Piece With More Length Like Axial Shafts Can Be Operated
 References 21

 Induction hardening a quick guide to methods and coil

 Effect of induction hardening on high carbon steel forgings-subir danda
 Induction hardening-Qadri Mayaleh & AbdelRehman Abbas
 
 http://www.gh-ia.com/induction_heating .html
 
 http://www.efd-induction.com/~/media/Articles/inductionHardening_methodsCoil.ashx
 
 http://ezinearticles.com/?Induction-Hardening&id=4803616