HANDOVER EVE

NTS IN LTE
By : telecompedia.net
  LTE measurement report triggering

rving becomes better than threshold

rving becomes worse than threshold

ighbour becomes offset better than PCell

ighbour becomes better than threshold

ell becomes worse than threshold1 and neighbour becomes better than threshold2

ighbour becomes offset better than SCell

I-RS resource becomes better than threshold

I-RS resource becomes offset better than reference CSI-RS resource

er RAT neighbour becomes better than threshold

ell becomes worse than threshold1 and inter RAT neighbour becomes better than threshold2
1
LAN becomes better than a threshold
2
WLAN inside WLAN mobility set becomes worse than threshold1 and a WLAN outside WLAN mobility set becomes better than threshold2
3
WLAN inside WLAN mobility set becomes worse than a threshold

e channel busy ratio is above a threshold

e channel busy ratio is below a threshold

 LTE measurement report triggering

Normally LTE UE makes radio measurement in two stages which are idle and connected states. In idle
state mode the measurement is used for cell selection and cell re-selection. In connected state mode,
the measurement is used for handover and redirection scenarios, of course here we mean only
mobility cases. The measurement (RSRP, RSRQ, SINR etc.) can also be used for other calculations
such as eNodeB resource allocation.
UE receives idle related measurement parameters via SIB messages from eNodeB, but for connected
related measurement parameters are send to UE through RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages
by eNodeB.
In LTE connected mode, to start measurement and make a handover decision is done by defined
actions which is called “Event”. There are several types of events in LTE: A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, B1, B2.
General overview was described for each of event on the following table, for more details need to
check these links:
• A1, A2 for Inter-Frequency (these events are used for start or stop measurement)
• A1, A2 for Inter-Technology (these events are used for start or stop measurement)
• A3 for Intra-Frequency and Inter-Frequency
• A4 for Inter-Frequency
• A5 for Inter-Frequency
• B1 for Inter-Technology (Inter-RAT)
• B2 for Inter-Technology (Inter-RAT)
 LTE measurement report triggering A3

Intra-Frequency Handover means mobility in connected mode between two different cells, but within same LTE frequency, This topic will be assigned for Event A3 which is used for
LTE Intra-Frequency handover. This event type can also be used for Inter-Frequency handover and it is configurable in eNodeB side to choose the event type for Inter-Frequency. It
is recommended to have a look HO Events in LTE before reading this topic.
Details:
• LTE Event A3 is triggered when a neighboring cell becomes better than the serving cell by an offset which is shown as “**Tuned Mneigh” in the graph. The event is triggered when
the following condition is met:
Mneigh + Oneigh,freq + Oneigh,cell – Hyst > Mserv + Oserv,freq + Oserv,cell + Offset
• LTE Event A3 is cancelled (not triggered yet) when a neighboring cell becomes worse than the serving cell by an offset during “time to trigger” which is shown as “Tuned Mneigh”
in the graph:
Mneigh + Oneigh,freq + Oneigh,cell + Hyst < Mserv + Oserv,freq + Oserv,cell + Offset
Mserv: signal level or quality of the serving cell (RSRP or RSRQ).
Mneigh: signal level or quality of the neighbor cell (RSRP or RSRQ).
Hyst: hysteresis, it is defined in eNodeB and used to avoid ping-pong handover.
Oneigh, cell: cell individual offset for the intra-frequency neighboring cell.
Oserv, cell: cell specific offset for the serving cell.
Offset: if the parameter is set to a large value, an intra-frequency handover is performed only when the signal of the neighboring cell is significantly better than that of the serving
 LTE measurement report triggering A4

Inter-Frequency Handover means mobility in connected mode between two different cells and different LTE frequencies, This topic will be assigned to Event A4 which is used for
LTE Inter-Frequency handover.
It is recommended to have a look HO Events in LTE before reading this topic.
Details:
• LTE Event A2 is triggered when the serving cell becomes worse than a threshold.
Event A2 triggering (start measurement for inter-frequency):
Mserv + Hyst < Threshold 
• LTE Event A1 is triggered when the serving cell becomes better than a threshold.
Event A1 triggering (stop measurement for inter-frequency):
Mserv – Hyst > Threshold 
• LTE Event A4 is triggered when a neighboring cell becomes better than a threshold.
Event A4 triggering (start inter-frequency handover):
Mneigh + Oneigh,freq + Oneigh, cell – Hyst > Threshold
Mserv: signal level or quality of the serving cell (RSRP or RSRQ).
Mneigh: signal level or quality of the neighbor cell (RSRP or RSRQ).
Threshold: defined signal threshold and it is different for A1, A2, A4. It is defined in eNodeB.
Hyst: hysteresis, it is defined in eNodeB and used to avoid ping-pong handover.
Oneigh, cell: Indicates the cell individual offset for the inter-frequency neighboring cell.
Oneigh, freq: indicates the frequency-specific offset for the inter-frequency neighboring cell.
Time to Trigger: this timer helps to avoid irregular measurement and handover.
 LTE measurement report triggering A5

Inter-Frequency Handover means mobility in connected mode between two different cells and different LTE frequencies, This topic will be assigned to Event A5 which is used for
LTE Inter-Frequency handover. This event type is a little bit different than Inter-Frequency Handover with Event A4. First step is same with event A4 to start gap measurement or
stop, but to start handover there are two conditions which was defined with two different thresholds and need to be met for both at the same time (A5 Thd.1 and A5 Thd.2).
It is recommended to have a look HO Events in LTE before reading this topic.
Details:
• LTE Event A2 is triggered when the serving cell becomes worse than a threshold
Event A2 triggering (start measurement for inter-frequency):
Mserv + Hyst < Threshold 
• LTE Event A1 is triggered when the serving cell becomes better than a threshold.
Event A1 triggering (stop measurement for inter-frequency):
Mserv – Hyst > Threshold 
• LTE Event A5 is triggered when the serving cell becomes worse than A5 Thd.1 while a neighboring cell becomes better than A5 Thd.2. The event is triggered when both of the
following conditions are met.
Event A5 triggering (start inter-frequency handover):
Condition#1: Mserv + Hyst < A5 Thd.1
Condition#2: Mneigh + Oneigh,freq + Oneigh, cell – Hyst > A5 Thd.2
Mserv: signal level or quality of the serving cell (RSRP or RSRQ).
Mneigh: signal level or quality of the neighbor cell (RSRP or RSRQ).
Threshold: defined signal thresholds for A1 and A2 to start and stop gap measurement.
A5 Thd.1: defined signal threshold for serving cell.
 LTE measurement report triggering B1

Inter-Technology Handover means mobility in connected mode between two different cells and different technology. This topic will be assigned to Event B1 which is used for LTE
Inter-Technology handover. This event type is also known as Inter-RAT or Inter-System handover. If the signal level of the UE is below than certain threshold then it starts to make
Inter-Technology measurement (gap measurement) and makes handover from LTE to other system such as WCDMA or GSM.
It is recommended to have a look HO Events in LTE before reading this topic.
Details:
• LTE Event A2 is triggered when the serving cell becomes worse than a threshold.
Event A2 triggering (start measurement for other technology):
Mserv + Hyst < Threshold 
• LTE Event A1 is triggered when the serving cell becomes better than a threshold.
Event A1 triggering (stop measurement for other technology):
Mserv – Hyst > Threshold 
• LTE Event B1 is triggered when a neighboring cell becomes better than a threshold.
Event B1 triggering (start inter-technology handover):
Mneigh + Oneigh,freq – Hyst > Threshold
Mserv: signal level or quality of the serving cell (RSRP or RSRQ).
Mneigh: signal level or quality of the neighbor cell (RSCP, EcNo, RxLev).
Threshold: defined signal threshold and it is different for A1, A2, B1. It is defined in eNodeB.
Hyst: hysteresis, it is defined in eNodeB and used to avoid ping-pong handover.
Oneigh, freq: indicates the frequency offset for the inter-technology neighboring cell.
Time to Trigger: this timer helps to avoid irregular measurement and handover.
 LTE measurement report triggering B2

Inter-Technology Handover means mobility in connected mode between two different cells and different technology. This topic will be assigned to Event B2 which is used for LTE
Inter-Technology handover. This event type is also known as Inter-RAT or Inter-System handover. B2 is a little bit different than B1 Handover. First step is same with event B1 to
start gap measurement or stop, but to start handover there are two conditions which was defined with two different thresholds and need to be met for both at the same time (B2
Thd.1 and B2 Thd.2).
It is recommended to have a look HO Events in LTE before reading this topic.
Details:
• LTE Event A2 is triggered when the serving cell becomes worse than a threshold
Event A2 triggering (start measurement for other technology):
Mserv + Hyst < Threshold 
• LTE Event A1 is triggered when the serving cell becomes better than a threshold.
Event A1 triggering (stop measurement for other technology):
Mserv – Hyst > Threshold 
• LTE Event B2 is triggered when the serving cell becomes worse than B2 Thd.1 while a neighboring cell becomes better than B2 Thd.2. The event is triggered when both of the
following conditions are met.
Event B2 triggering (start inter-technology handover):
Condition#1: Mserv + Hyst < B2 Thd.1
Condition#2: Mneigh + Oneigh,freq – Hyst > B2 Thd.2
Mserv: signal level or quality of the serving cell (RSRP or RSRQ).
Mneigh: signal level or quality of the neighbor cell (RSCP, EcNo, RxLev).
Threshold: defined signal thresholds for A1 and A2 to start and stop gap measurement.