Lesson 4:

Dimension of
  Development is a concept and multi-facetted
Development defined: phenomena;
 TAYEBWA (1992:261) states that development is a
broad term which should not be limited to mean
economic development, economic welfare or
material well-being. As per Tayebwa,
development in general includes _improvements
in economic, social and political aspects of whole
society like security, culture, social activities an
political institutions
 According to TODARO (1981:56) refers to the
development as a multi-dimensional process
involving the reorganization and reorientation of
entire economic and social system. He continues
to argue that development is a physical reality
and a state of mind in which society through
some combinations of social, economic and
political process secured the way of obtaining
better in life
 According to PERROUX (1978:65), define as
the combination of mental and social changes
among the population which decide to
increase its real and global products,
cumulatively and in sustainable manner.

 ROGERS (1990:30) adds development is a long

participatory process of social progress for the
majority of population through a better
understanding of their environment
How do you compare the
contentions of the 4
authors?
 Like Tayebwa, Todaro’s definition is applauded
for its wider view of the development concept as
related to social,
economic as well as political changes in the society.
 Perroux and Rogers underscores that
development must be community-driven and
participatory in nature.
 To deduce, development is a participatory
multidimensional process involving qualitative
and quantitative changes in social, political and
economic domains of society and it is
undertaken essentially to lead to a better state of
life.
Community Development
 The United Nations popularized the
term community development to mean
“the process by which the efforts of the
people themselves are united with
those of government authorities to
improve the economic, social and
cultural conditions of the communities
into life of the nation, and to enable
them to contribute fully to national
progress.
 Refers to planned action to address
thecommon concerns of people who
share a geographic locality, cultural and
philosophical solidarity or essential
social, economic and spiritual relations
The goal is the solution
of specific community
problems and needs for
the development of the
community and benefit
of its people with the
participation of the
target beneficiaries
themselves.
 Our World today

 We are meeting at a time of immense challenges to

sustainable development;
 Billions of citizens continue to live in poverty and are
denied a life of dignity;
 There are rising inequalities within and among
countries. There are enormous disparities of
opportunity, wealth and power;  Gender inequality
remains a key challenge;
 Unemployment, particularly youth unemployment is
a major concern;
 Global health threats, more frequent and intense
natural disasters, spiraling conflict, violent
extremism, terrorism and related humanitarian crises
and force displacement of people threaten to reverse
much of the development progress made in recent
decades.
 Our World today

• Natural resource depletion and adverse impacts of

environmental degradation, including desertification,
drought, land degradation, fresh water scarcity and
loss of biodiversity add to and exacerbate the list of
challenges which humanity faces.
• Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of
our time and its adverse impacts undermine the
ability of all countries to achieve sustainable
development.
• Increase in global temperature, sea level rise, ocean
acidification and other climate change impacts are
seriously affecting coastal areas and low lying coastal
countries including many least developed countries.
 Our World today

• The past decade however was also a time of immense

opportunity. Significant progress has been made in
meeting many development challenges.
• Within the past generation, hundreds of millions of
people have emerged from extreme poverty; 
• Access to education has greatly increased for both
boys and girls;
• The spread of information and communications
technology and global interconnectedness has great
potential to accelerate human progress, to bridge the
digital divide and to develop knowledge societies;
• as does scientific and technological innovation across
areas as diverse as medicine and energy
Issues Identified by NEDA in the Ambisyon 2040
Vision

“There are many hurdles in the Filipinos’ path toward achieving their own
vision of life in the year 2040. No matter how modest the vision of the
poorest of Filipinos, it can still seem out of reach for those who have no
means to lift themselves out of poverty. Almost all the participants of this
study mention the most urgent constraints as: the lack of jobs, poor
healthcare, petty corruption, and government inefficiencies.”

http://2040.neda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/Vision2040_final.pdf
National Issues
There are no jobs (walang trabaho).
Whether employed or not, participants
always mention the shortage of jobs as
a critical barrier to the likelihood of
achieving their goals. People are willing
to work—the poor in particular would
take any paid work they can get–but
these are simply not available.

 A good job is a stable one.

 A good job pays a living wage.
 It is too expensive to look for work.
 Transportation costs are too high.
 Jobs-education mismatch.
National Issues
Government inefficiencies. The sentiments
about government services are widely
shared: masyadong maraming kuskos
balungos, mabusisi, puro proseso. Since they
are powerless in the transaction —
government aid and services are hidden
behind employees (compliance officers) who
act as gatekeepers —ordinary citizens are left
with few choices: try to comply to every
requirement, resort to paying bribes and
facilitation fees, or give up altogether.

 Red tape and inefficiencies keep services away

from the poor.
 Quality of service in government offices.
National Issues  Small -scale corruption. All corruption
is bad regardless of scale, but often only
the big corruption stories are covered
by the news— the complex scams that
siphon off millions in government
funds. Petty corruption, the ones on a
personal level, remains undiscussed by
national media and does not attract as
much public attention. Yet it is precisely
this kind of corruption, perpetrated by
the rank-and-file in government,
sometimes at the behest of local
officials, that victimizes the poorest of
our countrymen.
National Issues
Poor healthcare. Women in the discussions
often raise the problem of access to quality
healthcare. They are concerned about their
children’s welfare and the impact an illness has
on the income of the entire household.
Catastrophic health events can drive a family
into debt and poverty, sometimes permanently.

 Lack of access.
 No support for prevention/maintenance.
 Public facilities have no supplies.
Vision for the Country
Prosperity and Justice for All. Walang
naghihikahos, walang naghihirap,
maginhawa ang buhay ng lahat.
Nakakakain tatlong beses sa isang
araw, nabibili ang kailangan,nabibili
ang gusto.

 Job security
 A living wage
 Good jobs in the country
 Career growth, savings, and retirement
 Entrepreneurship
Vision for the Country

2. Health. Walang namamatay sa

sakit dahil sa kawalan ng pera.

 Community and family with

social protection

3. Education. Lahat ng anak ay

nakapagtapos ng pag-aaral.

 Availability of Inexpensive
College
Vision for the Country

4. Just and fair society. Pantay-pantay

ang pagtingin ng sistema ng hustisya.
Pagkakaroon ng hustisyang panlipunan.

 Governed with order and unity

 Positive politics
 Citizen-centered government
 Attention to the regions
Vision for the Country
5. Families stay together. Hindi kailangang
mangibang-bansa at mawalay sa pamilya
upang makapagtrabaho ng maayos. Kapiling
ng mga magulang ang kanilang mga anak.

 Vibrant, culturally diverse, and resilient

communities. Protektado ang karapatan
ng lahat ng uri ng tao. Kayang bumangon
mula sa kalamidad. Napangangalagaan
ang iba’t ibang kultura sa Pilipinas.

 Communities without conflict

 Communities resilient against disasters
 Livable cities
Vision for the Country

Vision for self

“In 2040, all Filipinos will enjoy a stable and comfortable
lifestyle, secure in the knowledge that we have enough for our
daily needs and unexpected expenses, that we can plan and
prepare for our own and our children’s futures. Our families live
together in a place of our own, we have the freedom to go
where we desire, protected and enabled by a clean, efficient,
and fair government.”
 Vision for the Country

Vision for country

“By 2040, the Philippines shall be a prosperous,
predominantly middle-class society where no
one is poor. Our peoples will enjoy long and
healthy lives, are smart and innovative, and will
live in a

high-trust society. http://2040.neda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/Vision2040_final.pdf