Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By David Lipschitz
My Power Station Technology
8th April 2013
• Power Station
– Centralised
• Virtual Power Station
– Decentralised; integrated; smart
Downsides:
Use of un-renewable resources
Air pollution
Ozone hole
Global warming
More natural disasters
Health risks
Loss of life quality
Dependence on OPEC,
governments and corporations
Nuclear danger
Nuclear waste
High costs for governments and
end-users due to results of
natures’ abuse
Benefits:
Use of renewable resources
No air pollution
Turn around of global warming
Healing of the planet
Creating a future
No health risks
Enhancement of life quality
No dependence on OPEC,
governments & corporations
No nuclear danger
No nuclear waste
Affordable, healthy and
environmentally friendly
energy for everybody,
everywhere
Spare Capacity
• 5 minutes
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUMf7FW
GdCw
• This exponential growth depends on
exponential availability of inexpensive
electricity
– For reference: watch later
Beginning of Technologies
Petrol price at pump; Oil = Rand $ in January each year * Brent Crude Converted to litres
(c) My Power Station Technology 2013 44
Buying and Producing Electricity
Graph in Rand per kwh ex VAT
• Near Atlantis
• 9 x 150 MW Combined Cycle Turbines
– Can use Diesel or gas; currently diesel
• 25,000 litres of diesel per minute
– X 60 minutes * R12 per litre = R18 million per hour
• R18 million / 1,350,000 MW
• = R13 per kWh! Photo: ESBi Engineering
(c) My Power Station Technology 2013 47
What knowledge do you have?
• Technical Terms
• Quick Recap?
PV Array
DB Board
Grid Tie Inverter Utility
Mains
Combiner
Box
Generator
PV Array
http://www.eskom.co.za/c/article/207/pumped-storage/
(c) My Power Station Technology 2013 60
Pumped Storage Potential
• Lesotho Highlands
– 3GW Pumped Storage Potential
• USAID Electricity Supply Industry of Lesotho General
Information for Potential Investors report in May 2008
• Palmiet / Steenbras Dam (near Cape Town)
– 2 x 200 MW reversible Francis pump/turbines
• Generator manufactured by Fuji of Japan
• Turbine manufactured by Voith of Germany
– Construction started 1983
– Commissioned 1988
(c) My Power Station Technology 2013 61
Toolset: Battery
• CSP (Concentrated Solar Power)
• Solar Tower
• Storage:
– In Salt or Sulphur
– Electricity produced in the normal way via steam
and turbines
• From sun during the day, or molten salt at night
• Needs external energy to keep the salt “wet” (liquid)
– Runs for 16 hours a day in Spain, eg 5am to 9pm,
covering the morning and evening peaks in South
Africa (c) My Power Station Technology 2013 62
Solar Towers
http://designbuildsource.com.au/worlds-largest-solar-towers-take-to-the-sun
Abengoa and Brightsource’s Palen Solar Tower Project, California
http://designbuildsource.com.au/worlds-largest-solar-towers-take-to-the-sun
Abengoa and Brightsource’s Palen Solar Tower Project, California
• Flywheel
• Ultra-capacitors
• Global Key Players
– Generalists: ABB, Alstom, GE, S&C Electric,
Schneider Electric, Siemens
– Purists: A123, BYD, Panasonic, Toshiba, Xtreme
Power, ZBB Technologies, etc
http://zpryme.com/news-room/asian-grid-scale-energy-storage-market-364b-by-2020-zpryme-smart-grid-insights-reports.html
(c) My Power Station Technology 2013 65
Toolset: Water
• Hydro
– Large Scale and Micro-Hydro
• Tidal
– Eg Siemens 1.2 MW for 1,500 households in
Northern Island
• Wave
• Ocean Currents
– Benguela and Agulhas Currents flowing at up to
3m/s (10km/h), 24 hours a day, 7 days a week
Also: Desalination
(c) My Power Station Technology 2013 66
Toolset: Biogas
ER R290.00
R862.00 1,200 R0.72 R0.82
http://www.capetown.gov.za/en/electricity/Pages/ElectricityTariffs.aspx
(c) My Power Station Technology 2013 80
Toolset: Computers
• Computers and the Internet
• Allowing the move:
– ET + IT = EI
– Energy Technology
– Internet Technology
– The Energy Internet
• Eg: Homeowner tells the utility that she needs the oven
for 1 hour during the day
• Work Smart
• Homeowner
– R1.29 per kwh 16% R1.50
• Business owner
– R1.02 per kwh 16% R1.18 + 1 cent (additional) levy + R120 per
ton carbon tax, ie 12 cents per kwh R1.31 28%
• More Info: R1,800; R182,400; 8 KW; R22.80; R182,400; R20 per watt?
How?
(c) My Power Station Technology 2013 106
The real savings in being energy
independent (kw vs kwh)
• If you spend R1m a year on electricity
• And you can install your own system for
R900,000 per year
• What would you prefer?
Cheap?
Reliable?
http://www.earth-policy.org/data_highlights/2013/highlights37
(c) My Power Station Technology 2013 131
Risk Section – Chinese Wind vs
Nuclear Generation
• Kusile
– 4.8GW
– 12,500,000 SWH need 20 GW of electricity
• SWH can be used to
– Heat water & air
– Cool water & air
– R46 billion (58%) over budget already
(c) My Power Station Technology 2013 163
Electricity Challenges
• For City Dwellers without electricity, NO:
– Water, Banking, Petrol, Transport, Food, Life
– Only 4 days of food in the supply chain
• Everything we do depends on electricity
– We need security of supply
– We need price certainty
• Therefore we need a game plan to make this a
reality
– Video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LT1AF4ycAQY