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The Kingdom of Plants
The Kingdom of Plants
PLANTS
Compiled by :
Risda Muli, S.Pd
What is the branche of
biology that studied a
bout Plant ?
• The world of plants is predicted to have
covered 400.000 know species.
• Autotrophic
• Multicellular and has cell wall of cellulos
e
• Plants are grouped :
Moss plant
Anteridium Arkegonium
Gametofit
Sperma Ovum
Fertilisasi
Zigot (2n)
Embrio (2n)
Sporogonium (2n)
Sporofit
Sporangium (2n)
meiosis
Spora (n)
The difference between Arkegonium with An
teridium
No. Arkegonium Anteridium
1. Female Reproduction organ has Male reproduction organ has stick/ bar
bottle shape. shape.
2. Has protection cells that covered Has no ptotection layer.
shape of ovum inside.
3. Produce one big female gamet Produce some of male flegella gamet
(ovum). (sperm).
4. Female gamet attach with Male gamet released by anteridium
arkegounium
The benefits of moss are as follows.
1. Moss is pioneer plant.
2. Moss which grows on land surface can prevent erosi
on.
3. Dead moss will be decomposed by fungi and decom
posing bactera into organic substance, making the s
oil fertile and suitable for the growth of bigger plant
s.
4. Sphagnum sp. (moss which grows in tundra area) is
used for rendeer food.
Do Exercise Below (Genus of Bryophyte) !
Hepaticae Musci Anthocerotae
Characteristics
Metzgeria Marchantia Sphagnum Anthoceros
Thallus /
Cormus
Sporophyte
Reproduction
organ
Other
characteristics
Do Exercise Below (Genus of Bryophyte) !
Hepaticae Musci Anthocerotae
Characteristics
Metzgeria Marchantia Sphagnum Anthoceros
Thallus / Cormus Thallus with Moss the shape of Cormus-shaped. Moss the shape of
dichotomic thallus-shaped. thallus.
branching.
Sporophyte Formed in the Hidden, located on More than one, Horn shaped, and when
end of leaf veins bottom surface of growing in the end it is mature, the and
or the of thallus female receptacle. of the stem with spilts into two parts.
branches. sporogonium in Sporogonium has
round shape. chloroplast.
Reproduction In adorsal part Male receptacle Has antheridium The antheridium and
organ has antheridium has the shape like and archegenium. archegonium are
and a cup, and female located in a saucer of
archegonium. has the shape like different thallus.
an umbrella.
Other - - Growth direction is Contains one grain of
characteristics upright, it leaves chloroplast. Can be
have no leaf veins. found on land surface or
damp rock.
VASCULAR PLANTS
- Cormous plant : root, stem, and leaves are eas
ily distinguishable.
- Have vascular sheaves (xylem and floem)
- Consist of :
1. Ferns (Pteridophyta)
2. Seed plants (Spermatophytes)
1. Fern (Pteridophyta)
Characteristics :
a. Ferns are grouped into true cormophyts :
1. The stem has branches and some are woody.
2. The leaves is already have veinsof leaves, root, some have
no leaves just only scales.
Sorus
The classification of ferns should be consider the following
points.
a. The existence or absence of leaves, leaf shape and com
pisition.
b. The composition of sporangia and shape of spores.
c. The shape and structure of stem.
d. The anatomy of the body.
Characteristics 1. The primitive seed 1. It is a tall plant 1. Form of a bush, ir a 1. Has single leaves
plant. 2. Leaf has a long tree with a conical top facing each other
2. Habitat : stalk, is fan- 2. Habitat : in areas with 2. Its stem ais
tropoical and shaped, and has moderate and cold woody without
subtropical branched veins clomate resin duct
regions 3. In autumn, the 3. Monoecious, male 3. Its flower is a
3. Male strobilus leaves fall strobilus : the end of complex flower
and female 4. The outer cover of branch (produces in the shape of a
strobilus are the seed is fleshy, pollen) , female grain
found in the end while the inner strobilus : closer to
of stem of cover is hard the branch base
different trees (contains a lot of
4. Leaves are scales spirally, seed
arranged in embryos are located
prallel rosettes between the scales).
Roles 1. Root makes 1. Leaf : used 1. As a source of 1. Fruit and
simbiosys with medicine for material for making young leaf are
the blue algae asthma and to paper used as
(Anabaena) control blood 2. As a source of soft vegetable
2. As decorative pressure wood, plastic,varnish, 2. Its seed can be
plant 2. Fruit : supllement turpentine and ink for used to make
to brain painting chip
3. As timber 3. Its skin can be
used to make a
net
Example Cycas rumphii Ginkgo biloba Pinus merkusii Gnetum gnemon
Life Cycle of Gymnospermae
b. Closed Seed Plants (Angiospermae)
Characteristics :
1. The plants have high development rate.
2. Already have true flower.
3. The shape and composition of the flower vary but has the same
basic parts : petals, sepals, pistil, and stamen.
4. Pistil : styles, stigma, ovary (ovules)
5. Stamen : filaments and anthers (pollen grain)
6. It has thin, wide leaves and leaf veins with varied compositions.
7. Ovule or seed does not appear, covered by cotyledons.
8. It undergoes double fertlization.
9. The time used between pollination and fertilization is relatively
short.
10. Have many uses.
Composition of Flower
Pollen grains
Anther
Stigma
CARPEL
Ovary
STAMEN
PETAL
Ovule SEPAL
Pollination
is the event of sticking (falling) pollen to stigma.
1. Zoogamy
- Entogamy → Insect
- Ornitogamy → Bird
- Chiroptogamy → Bat
- Malacogamy → Snail
MONOCOTS
DICOTS