FISICOQUÍMICA 

– 3ER TEMA
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CINÉTICA
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CQUÍMICA
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PARTE C
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 DDEETTE CIÓN DE LA LEY DE
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functionality, as well as marketing,

ERRMMII VELOCIDAD
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 DETERMINACIÓN DE LA LEY DE
VELOCIDAD
This website stores data such as
cookies to enable essential site
functionality, as well as marketing,

11- MMÉTODOS
personalization, and analytics. You
may change your settings at any time
or accept the default settings.
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 DETERMINACIÓN DE LA LEY DE
VELOCIDAD
This website stores data such as

11- MMÉTODOS
cookies to enable essential site
functionality, as well as marketing,
personalization, and analytics. You

11AA- DIFERENCIALES
TODO DE LAS
may change your settings at any time
or accept the default settings.

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MMÉÉ PENDIENTES
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Marketing
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 MÉTODOS DE DETERMINACIÓN DE
PARÁMETROS CINÉTICOS

1. MÉTODOS DIFERENCIALES
A. Método de las pendientes
Recomendable cuando la ecuación cinética es de
tipo:
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 REACCIÓN DE BROMO MOLECULAR Y ÁCIDO
FÓRMICO
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  Eocnn d eisloálcudi cioo nóf ersm aci cou oH( saCsO,O eHl )b sreogmúon : molecular (color
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 REACCIÓN DE BROMO MOLECULAR Y ÁCIDO
FÓRMICO
  =   
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MÉTODOS DE DETERMINACIÓN DE
PARÁMETROS CINÉTICOS

1. MÉTODOS DIFERENCIALES
A. Método de las pendientes
Se introdujo butadieno (C4H6) en un recipiente
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 MÉTODOS DE DETERMINACIÓN DE
PARÁMETROS CINÉTICOS
Solución:
PC4H6 vs.
700 t
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          oo 440000
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any time or accept the
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0
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0 4000 6000 8000 10000
 t
(s)
MÉTODOS DE DETERMINACIÓN DE
PARÁMETROS CINÉTICOS
Solución:

t 0 367 731 1038 1751 2550 3652 5403 7140 10600

(s)
P 663322.00 584.2 567.3 535.4 509.3 482.8 453.3 432.8 405.3
660
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6 6
cookies((TT
to
oorrrenable
r)) essential site 47.8 64.7 96.6 122.7 149.2 178.7 199.2 226.7
functionality, as well as marketing,
xx 00
personalization, and analytics. You
2255..44 536.4 502.6 438.8 386.6 333.6 274.6 233.6 178.6
may change your settings at any time
((TToothe
or accept rrrr)) default settings.

PPCCH H 663322.00 99 0.0586 0.0478431 0.0384 0.0277 0.0196 0.0143 0.0092361

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11// 22((ddPPCC44 HH66 ))// ddtt
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22.77664433
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 MÉTODOS DE DETERMINACIÓN DE
PARÁMETROS CINÉTICOS

log r vs. log PC4H6

0 .0
2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9

--
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cookies to enable essential site
functionality, as well as marketing, y = 2.1412x -
personalization, and analytics. You
--
may change your settings
11 .. at any time 7.0922
R² = 0.9968
00
or accept the default
      settings.
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55
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22 ..
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DETERMINACIÓN DE LA LEY DE
VELOCIDAD
This website stores data such as
cookies to enable essential site

11- MMÉTODOS
functionality, as well as marketing,
personalization, and analytics. You

11BB- DIFERENCIALES
may change your settings at any time
DO DE LA VELOCIDAD
or accept the default settings.

MMÉÉTTOO INICIAL
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 MÉTODOS DE DETERMINACIÓN DE
PARÁMETROS CINÉTICOS

1.B. Método de las velocidades iniciales (mas seguro

la
queanterior) 
Para una reacción de  = 
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tipo =  []
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This website stores data such as
SSee ppuueeddee ddeeffinniirr aa
cookies to enable essential site logr = logk    n.
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t==00
personalization, and analytics. You
may change your settings at any time la realizaciónlog[A]
de varios
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experimentos en los
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que de la reacción a diferentes
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 del catalizador en catálisis heterogénea…

MÉTODOS DE DETERMINACIÓN DE
PARÁMETROS CINÉTICOS

1.B. Método de las velocidades iniciales (mas seguro que

la anterior)

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log[A]
0
 MÉTODOS DE DETERMINACIÓN DE
PARÁMETROS CINÉTICOS

1.B. Método de las velocidades iniciales

El óxido de etileno se descompone cuando se calienta según
la siguiente reacción:
∆
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finn ddee oobbteenneer en
or accept the default settings. xido de etileno a través del tiempo.
2400 4800 9600 19200
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22,7711
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11
 MÉTODOS DE DETERMINACIÓN DE
PARÁMETROS CINÉTICOS

Solución:

[C2H4O] vs. t
00 ..00 00
22 7722
This website stores data such as
cookies to enable00essential
..00 00
site
functionality, as well as marketing,
22 7700
personalization, and analytics. You
may change your 00 settings
..00 00 at any time y = -5E-07x +
22 6688
or accept the default settings. 0.0027 R² =
00 ..00 00
1
22 6666
P rivacy Policy

Marketing 00 ..00 00
22 6644

Personalization
00 ..00 00
Analytics 22 6622

Save Accept
00 ..00 00 All
22 6600

00 ..00 00 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 35 0

 MÉTODOS DE DETERMINACIÓN DE
PARÁMETROS CINÉTICOS

Solución:
t (s) [C2H4O] (M)

[C2H 4O] vs. t 0

300
0.00271
0.00256
0%
6%
0.00275 600 0.00243 10%
1200 0.00217 20%
This website stores data such as
00.0000227700 2400 0.00174 36%
cookies to enable essential site 4800 0.00112 59%
functionality, as well as marketing, 9600 0.00046 83%
personalization,
00.00002266and
55 analytics. You
y = -4.67E-07x + 2.71E-
19200 0.00008 97%
may change your settings at any time 03 R² = 9.98E-01
38400 0.00000 100%
or accept the default settings.
00.0000226600

P rivacy Policy
00..0000225555

Marketing
00.0000225500
Personalization
Analytics
00.0000224455

Save00.0000224400 Accept All

300 400 500 600 700
00 110000
2200 00
 MÉTODOS DE DETERMINACIÓN DE
PARÁMETROS CINÉTICOS

Solución:   [C2 H4 O]0 (M)

0.00271
r 0  (M/s)
4 .6 7E- n~1
07
0.00384
0.00545
6.67E- r=k[A
07
9.50E- ]
This website stores data such as 07
cookies to enable essential site ln r0 vs. ln [C2H4O]0
functionality, as well as marketing,
-13.80
personalization, and analytics. You
--66..0000 --55..9900 5.80 -5.70 -5.60 -5.50 -5.40 -5.30 -5.20 -5.10
may change your settings -- at any time
-13.90
or accept the default settings.
-14.00
y = 1.0164x - 8.5684
P rivacy Policy
R² = 1 -14.10
Marketing
-14.20
Personalization
-14.30
Analytics
-14.40
Save Accept All
-14.50

-14.60
 -14.70

MÉTODOS DE DETERMINACIÓN DE
PARÁMETROS CINÉTICOS
[C H O]  (M) r  (M/s)

Solución:0 . 0 0 3 8 4
4 0
2
0 . 4 .06 7E-
07
r=k[A]
0 02 71
0.00545 6.67E-
07
k=1.90 10-4 s-1
9.50E-
07
This website stores data such as
cookies to enable essential site ln r0 vs. ln [C2H4O]0
functionality, as well as marketing,
personalization, and analytics. You -13.80
--66..0000 --55..9900 5.80 -5.70 -5.60 -5.50 -5.40 -5.30 -5.20 -5.10
may change your settings -- at any time
-13.90
or accept the default settings.
-14.00
y = 1.0164x - 8.5684
P rivacy Policy
R² = 1 -14.10
Marketing
-14.20
Personalization
-14.30
Analytics
-14.40
Save Accept All
-14.50

-14.60
 -14.70

DETERMINACIÓN DE LA LEY DE
VELOCIDAD
This website stores data such as
cookies to enable essential site

11- ÉTODOS
functionality, as well as marketing,
personalization, and analytics. You
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MM ODIFERENCIALES
DE AISLAMIENTO DE
or accept the default settings.

P rivacy Policy11CC-OSTWALD
MMÉÉTT
Marketing
Personalization

OODD
Analytics

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 MÉTODOS DE DETERMINACIÓN DE
PARÁMETROS CINÉTICOS
1.C. Método de aislamiento de Ostwald
- Uno de los métodos mas usados.

-- SSee ppuueeddeeon velocidad inicial a varias

This website stores data such as
trraabbaajaarr ccaconcentraciones
cookies to enable essential site sustancia (las otras siendo constantes) ->
functionality, as well as marketing,
innicciaaleess ddee uunnaa ssoolver
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pprmi meerooss eejeerrcciccioossChang.
may change your settings at any time[]   = ´
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ln[]
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(ln[])]

MÉTODOS DE DETERMINACIÓN DE
PARÁMETROS CINÉTICOS
1.C. Método de aislamiento de Ostwald
- Uno de los métodos mas usados.

-- SSee ppuueeddeeon velocidad inicial a varias

This website stores data such as
trraabbaajaarr ccaconcentraciones
cookies to enable essential site
sustancia (las otras siendo constantes) ->
functionality, as well as marketing,
innicciaaleess ddee uunnaa ssoolver
personalization, and analytics. You 2
pprmi meerooss eejeerrcciccioossChang.
may change your settings at any time[]   = ´

11 []
or accept the default settings.   
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 =   =    
   
= a
  métodos anteriores
 
(o posteriores), y
 ´    se pasa a  b… 

MÉTODOS DE DETERMINACIÓN DE
PARÁMETROS CINÉTICOS
1.C. Método de aislamiento de Ostwald (caso
simple)
La siguiente reacción se lleva a cabo en un reactor batch en
fase líquida:
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    → 2
S See oobbtuuvve i eroonn looss
cookies to enable essential site
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ientes datos para las velocidades iniciales de
spersonalization,
sgi guu and analytics. You perimentos
la separados.
may change your settings at any time
reoreaaccccó
accept itheóndefault
n eennsettings.
ccuuaatroo [A]0 (mol·L- [B]0 (mol·L- r0
1) 1) 1·h-1)
eexx (mol·L-
P rivacy Policy

Marketing 0,573 0,252 0,0204

Personalization 1,146 0,252 0,0817
Analytics EExxp.p. 0,573 0,504 0,0409
Save 1 All
Accept

EExxp.p.
 cinética.

MÉTODOS DE DETERMINACIÓN DE
PARÁMETROS CINÉTICOS
1.C. Método de aislamiento de Ostwald (caso
simple)
La bromación de

la

 acetona

 se cataliza con ácido:

as
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ción se
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reeaacc
or accept the default settings.
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ddeel
bbroommoo
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Accept All
 así como la constante cinética.

Mé todos de determinació n
de pará metros ciné ticos
C. Método de aislamiento de Ostwald (caso completo)
• Ejemplo:
La reacción del óxido nítrico con hidrógeno ha sido estudiada
ddeeteerrmminnaannddoo laa ación de la presión total.
This website stores data such as
vvaarritoi enable essential site
cookies
functionality, as well as marketing,
personalization, and analytics. You   2 ⇆  
222 
may change your settings at any time
or accept the default settings. 

stante de hidrógeno, se han obtenido los

PPaarraauunnaapprreessióónn
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de reacción respecto al NO
 MÉTODOS DE DETERMINACIÓN DE
PARÁMETROS CINÉTICOS
(PNO)0 (Torr) r 0  (Torr/s) ln(PNO) ln(r0 )
Solución: 3.59E+02 1.5 5.88E+00 4.05E-01
3.00E+02 1.03 5.70E+00 2.96E-02 r=k[NO]2[H2]b
2.40E+02 0.64 5.48E+00 -4 .46 E-01
1.83E+02 0.37 5.21E+00 -9.94E-01

This website stores data such as

cookies to enable essential site lnr0=f(ln[PNO])
functionality, as well as marketing,
66 ..00 and
personalization, 00 analytics. You
EE--00 11
may change your settings at any time
or accept the default
44 ..00 00 settings. y = 2.081x -
EE--00 11
11.841 R² =
22 ..00 00 0.9999
P rivacy Policy
EE--00 11

Marketing
00..0000
EE++000
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0

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--
22 ..0000
EE--00 11
Save Accept All
--
44 ..0000
-1.00E+00
EE--00 11
 -1.20E+00
5.10E+00 5.20E+00 5.30E+00 5.40E+00 5.50E+00 5.60E+00 5.70E+00 5.80E+00 5.90E+00 6.00E+00

MÉTODOS DE DETERMINACIÓN DE
PARÁMETROS CINÉTICOS
1.C. Método de aislamiento de Ostwald (otro ejemplo
simple
Para la siguiente reacción acuosa en presencia de OH-, a cierta
)temperatura,
sThis
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tieenneeto: enable essential site
cookies −−
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may change your settings at any time (()) (())
or accept the default settings.

P rivacy Policy

Marketing
Personalization
Analytics

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 Encuentra la ley de velocidad y calcula el valor de la
constante cinética.

DDEETT ACIÓN DE LA LEY DE

This website stores data such as

EERRM VELOCIDAD
cookies to enable essential site
functionality, as well as marketing,

MIINN
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M é t od o s d e d e t e r m i n a c i ó n
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EEnnccuueenntree eell oorddeenn ddee acción respecto al bromuro de t-butilo con el método
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 MECÁNISMO DE
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  ocurre en una serie de etapas elementales,
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 RELACIÓN ENTRE Keq Y LEY DE
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 APROXIMACIÓN DE LA ETAPA
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 La ley de rapidez para el proceso global está dada por el  paso
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APROXIMACIÓN DE LA ETAPA
DETERMINANTE
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APROXIMACIÓN DE LA ETAPA
DETERMINANTE
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APROXIMACIÓN DE LA ETAPA
DETERMINANTE
 Para la reacción:
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 APROXIMACIÓN DEL ESTADO ESTABLE Ó
ESTACIONARIO
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APROXIMACIÓN DEL ESTADO

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APROXIMACIÓN DEL ESTADO

EST ABLE
 Para la reacción:
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