FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA CIVIL Y ARQUITECTURA

E.A.P. DE INGENIERIA CIVIL

CURSO:

METODOS NUMERICOS

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 METODOS NUMERIOS

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 Métodos
cerrados

 Los métodos numéricos que en cada paso dan un
iinntteerrvvaallado donde se encuentra la raíz
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 MÉTODO DE
BISECCIÓN
 Consiste en considerar un intervalo (xi, xs) en el que se
garantice que la función tiene raíz (TEOREMA DE
BOLSANO).
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El segmento sebisecta, tomando el punto de bisección xr 
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El segmento se ción de la raíz
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com o buscada.
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aproximacomo go en cuál de los dos intervalos está la

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 Se identifica pite n veces, hasta que el punto de

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raíz.raíz.
 PASO 1.
f(x)


f(x i ).f(x s ) <   0  
f(xi)
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x xs   x
ii
 f(xs )

PASO 2.
 La fórmula de recurrencia para el método de bisección
es el promedio de los valores inferior y superior de
los extremos del intervalo:
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x r   x i  x
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2
 PASO 2. (CONTINUA)
f(x)


xi    x s
f(xi) x m  
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f((xxrr))   Accept All

xx ii   xr  
xs   x
 f(xs )

PASO 3.

Realizar las siguientes evaluaciones para

determinar en cual de los dos intervalos
esta la raiz:

11.. SSi ff((xxii))**ff((xxm)<0 entonces la raiz esta en el

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ssuubbiinntteerrvvaalo inferior. Por lo tanto

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y continua paso
xi=xm;
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ff((xxi))==ff((xxmm)) 2.
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22.. SSi ff((xxii))**ff((xx o superior. Por lo tanto
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ssuubbiinntteerrvvaals)=f(xm) y continua paso

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2.
 PASO 4.

1. El proceso se repite n veces, hasta que el

punto
ddee xm, coincide prácticamente con
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el de la raíz.
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 INICIO

f(X), Xo, Xf.e

NO
f(xo).f(xf)<0

SI

Xr=(Xo+Xf)/2

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f(xo).f(xr)<0 Xo=Xr 
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Xf=Xr 

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 FIN

CCOODDICION
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 MÉTODO DE LA REGLA
FALSA


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tee íces es similar al método de
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 PASO 1
f(x) • Consiste en considerar un intervalo
(xi, xs) en el que se garantice que la
 f u n c i ó n tiene raíz.
f(xii
) data such as
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xs  x
xxii  
 f(xs)

PASO 2
f(x) Se traza una recta que une los puntos (xi,
f(xi)), (xs, f(xs)).

f(xii
) data such as
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xs  x
xxii  
 f(xs)

PASO 3
f(x) Se obtiene el punto de intersección de esta
rec ta con el eje de las abscisas: (xr, 0); se

toma xr como aproximación de la raíz
f(xii buscada.
) data such as
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f(xr ) ii
xr   xs  x
 f(xs)

PASO 4
f(x)
Se identifica luego en cuál de los

f(xii dos
) data such as
This website stores intervalos está la raíz.
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f(xr ) ii
xr   xs  x
 f(xs)

PASO 5
f(x)
E
puntol proceso se repite nx veces,
de intersección hasta que
r coincide

prácticamente con el valor exacto de la raíz
f(xii el
) data such as
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x r    xs -   )
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f(xr ) ii
xr   xs  x
 f(xs)

INICIO

f(X), Xo, Xf.e

NO
f(xo).f(xf)<0

SI

Xr=Xf-(f(xs)(xi-xs))
f(xi)-f(xs)
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NO
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Xf=Xr 
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f(xr)<e
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raiz = Xr 
 FIN

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 PRECAUCIONES EN EL
USO DE MÉTODOS
L o s métodos cerrados siempre convergen,
aunqueCERRADOS

lentamente.
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ercamientos necesarios hasta tener
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