CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

LESSON 27
 CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

• CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS ARE WORDS THAT JOIN

INDEPENDENT CLAUSES INTO ONE SENTENCE. A
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB HELPS YOU CREATE A SHORTER
SENTENCE.
• 接続副詞は、独立した節を 1 つの文に結合する単語です。 接
続副詞は、短い文を作成するのに役立ちます。
• WHEN YOU USE A CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB, PUT A SEMICOLON (;)
BEFORE IT AND A COMMA (,) AFTER IT.

WE HAVE MANY DIFFERENT SIZES OF THIS SHIRT; HOWEVER, IT

COMES IN ONLY ONE COLOR.
• SOME EXAMPLES OF CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS ARE: ACCORDINGLY,
ALSO, BESIDES, CONSEQUENTLY, FINALLY, HOWEVER, INDEED,
INSTEAD, LIKEWISE, MEANWHILE, MOREOVER, NEVERTHELESS, NEXT,
OTHERWISE, STILL, THEREFORE, THEN, ETC.
 SOME EXAMPLES

• THE DUE DATE FOR THE FINAL PAPER HAS PASSED; THEREFORE, I COULD NOT
SUBMIT MINE ON TIME.
• THERE ARE MANY HISTORY BOOKS; HOWEVER, NONE OF THEM MAY BE
ACCURATE.
• IT RAINED HARD; MOREOVER, LIGHTENING FLASHED AND THUNDER BOOMED.
• THE BABY FELL ASLEEP; THEN, THE DOORBELL RANG.
• THE LAW DOES NOT PERMIT DRINKING AND DRIVING ANYTIME; OTHERWISE,
THERE WOULD BE MANY MORE ACCIDENTS.
• CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS LOOK LIKE COORDINATING
CONJUNCTIONS (AND, BUT, OR, SO, FOR, YET, NOR); HOWEVER,
THEY ARE NOT AS STRONG AS COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS AND
THEY ARE PUNCTUATED DIFFERENTLY.
• 接続詞副詞は、接続詞を調整するように見えます
（ AND 、 BUT 、 OR 、 SO 、 FOR 、 YET 、 NOR ）。 ただし、それ
らは接続詞を調整するほど強力ではなく、句読点も異なります。
 A CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB IS ALSO USED IN A SINGLE MAIN CLAUSE.
IN THIS CASE, A COMMA (,) IS USED TO SEPARATE THE CONJUNCTIVE
ADVERB FROM THE SENTENCE.

• I WOKE UP VERY LATE THIS MORNING. NEVERTHELESS, I WASN’T LATE TO

SCHOOL.
• SHE DIDN’T TAKE A BUS TO WORK TODAY. INSTEAD, SHE DROVE HER CAR.
• JACK WANTS A TOY CAR FOR HIS BIRTHDAY. MEANWHILE, JILL WANTS A
DOLLHOUSE FOR HER BIRTHDAY.
• THEY RETURNED HOME. LIKEWISE, I WENT HOME.
 QUIZ!!!!!

• CHOOSE THE RIGHT CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB FOR THE SENTENCE.

1)HURRY UP;                     , YOU WILL BE LATE FOR THE TRAIN.

2)I STUDIED HARD FOR THE EXAM;                     , I FAILED.
3)TOM IS A SPORTSMAN;                     , HIS BROTHER TOM IS ATHLETIC.
4)HE DIDN’T GO TO COLLEGE.                     , HE STARTED HIS OWN BUSINESS.
5)HE IS NOT GOOD-LOOKING.                     , HE IS POPULAR AMONG GIRLS.
 ANSWERS

• CHOOSE THE RIGHT CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB FOR THE SENTENCE.

1)HURRY UP;  OTHERWISE , YOU WILL BE LATE FOR THE TRAIN.

2)I STUDIED HARD FOR THE EXAM;   HOWEVER , I FAILED.
3)TOM IS A SPORTSMAN;   LIKEWISE   , HIS BROTHER TOM IS ATHLETIC.
4)HE DIDN’T GO TO COLLEGE.  INSTEAD   , HE STARTED HIS OWN BUSINESS.
5)HE IS NOT GOOD-LOOKING.   NEVERTHELESS   , HE IS POPULAR AMONG
GIRLS.
 CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS ARE WORDS THAT CONNECT TWO
INDEPENDENT CLAUSES. THEY SHOW CAUSE OR EFFECT,
SEQUENCE, CONTRAST OR COMPARISON RELATIONSHIPS.

LIST OF CONJUNCTIVE • MOREOVER • HOWEVER • YET

ADVERBS:
• ALSO • IN ADDITION • NOW
• ACCORDINGLY
• ANYWAY • OTHERWISE • FINALLY
• INDEED
• BESIDES • REGARDLESS • FURTHER
• INSTEAD
• CERTAINLY • NAMELY • FURTHERMORE
• THEN
• CONSEQUENTLY • NEVERTHELESS • HENCE
• THEREAFTER
• CONVERSELY • NEXT • SIMILARLY
• THEREFORE
• ELSEWHERE • NONETHELESS • STILL
• THUS
• EQUALLY • SUBSEQUENTLY
• LIKEWISE
• INCIDENTALLY • UNDOUBTEDLY
• MEANWHILE
LIST OF CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS EXAMPLES

• ACCORDINGLY • CONSEQUENTLY • EQUALLY

• THE COST OF MATERIALS ROSE SHARPLY • MY CAR BROKE DOWN • DIET AND EXERCISE
LAST YEAR. ACCORDINGLY, WE WERE AND CONSEQUENTLY I WAS LATE. ARE EQUALLY IMPORTANT.
FORCED TO INCREASE OUR PRICES.
• CONVERSELY • FINALLY
• ALSO
• CONVERSELY, YOU MIGHT SAY THAT IT IS • THEY FINALLY FOUND THE CAT UP ON THE
• THERE IS ALSO A GOLF COURSE FIVE MILES RIDICULOUS. ROOF.
AWAY.
• CERTAINLY • FURTHER
• ANYWAY
• THE DESIGN CERTAINLY LOOKS GOOD ON • SHE WAS UNABLE, OR UNWILLING, TO GIVE
• I SHALL GO AND SEE THE PATIENT ANYWAY. PAPER. ME ANY FURTHER DETAILS.

• BESIDES • DEFINITELY • FURTHERMORE

• I NEED THE MONEY. AND BESIDES, WHEN I • THE TEAM WILL DEFINITELY LOSE IF HE • I DON’T WANT TO GO
AGREE TO DO SOMETHING, I DO IT. DOESN’T PLAY. THERE, FURTHERMORE, I HAVE NO TIME TO
DO SO.
• CERTAINLY • ELSEWHERE

• A GENERATION AGO GENETIC CODES • CAN YOU FIND ANYTHING LIKE

WERE CERTAINLY UNKNOWN THIS ELSEWHERE?
 • INCIDENTALLY • THE CLAMS WERE
DELICIOUS. LIKEWISE, THE
• HENCE • INCIDENTALLY, I WANTED TO
EGGPLANT WAS EXCELLENT.
HAVE A WORD WITH YOU ABOUT
• IT IS VERY LATE; HENCE YOU MUST YOUR EXPENSES CLAIM. • MEANWHILE
GO TO BED.
• INDEED • MOTHER WENT
• HOWEVER SHOPPING; MEANWHILE, I
• IT IS INDEED A REMARKABLE
• THIS IS A CHEAP AND SIMPLE CLEANED THE HOUSE.
ACHIEVEMENT.
PROCESS. HOWEVER THERE ARE • MOREOVER
DANGERS. • INSTEAD
• IT WAS, MOREOVER, A WASTE OF
• IN ADDITION • HE IS TOO BUSY, LET ME
TIME.
GO INSTEAD.
• YOU WILL, IN ADDITION, PAY TO • NAMELY
THE BANK ANY LOSSES, COSTS, • LIKEWISE
EXPENSES OR LEGAL FEES. • ONLY ONE BOY WAS
ABSENT, NAMELY HARRY.
• NEVERTHELESS • I THREW YOU ABANDON ME REGARDLESS. • THEREFORE

• HE WAS VERY TIRED; NEVERTHELESS HE • SIMILARLY • THEIR CAR WAS BIGGER

WENT ON WALKING. AND THEREFORE MORE COMFORTABLE.
• SIMILARLY, LAWYERS PARCEL OUT WORK
• NEXT BASED ON WHO DOES THAT BEST. • THUS

• DON’T KEEP US IN SUSPENSE-WHAT • STILL • HE DIDN’T WORK HARD. THUS HE WAS

HAPPENED NEXT? FIRED.
• HE STILL HASN’T PAID ME THE MONEY HE
• NONETHELESS OWES ME. • UNDOUBTEDLY

• THOUGH HE’S FOOL, I LIKE • SUBSEQUENTLY • UNDOUBTEDLY, POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC

HIM NONETHELESS. FACTORS HAVE PLAYED THEIR PART.
• HE SUBSEQUENTLY BECAME CHAIRMAN OF
• NOW THE PARTY. • YET

• NOW I SHALL GO TO SLEEP. GOOD NIGHT. • THEN • I CAN’T GO TO THE DOOR-I’M NOT
DRESSED YET.
• OTHERWISE • WHEN WAR BEGINS THEN HELL OPENS.

• WALK SLOWLY ON THE • THEREAFTER

ICE, OTHERWISE YOU’LL FALL.
• THEREAFTER SHE WROTE ARTICLES FOR
• REGARDLESS PAPERS AND MAGAZINES IN PARIS.
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS (WHICH ARE SOMETIMES ALSO CALLED
SENTENCE CONNECTORS OR TRANSITIONAL WORDS) ARE COMMONLY
USED IN SERIOUS BUSINESS, TECHNICAL, AND ACADEMIC WRITING.
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS ARE SIMILAR IN MEANING TO OTHER TYPES
OF CONNECTING WORDS SUCH AS AND, BUT, OR, ETC., BUT THEY 
HAVE ONE VERY IMPORTANT DIFFERENCE: THEY JOIN SENTENCES,
NOT PARTS OF SENTENCES.
conjunctive adverb usage
accordingly showing results
as a result showing results
consequently showing results
therefore showing results
however showing general contrasts
in contrast showing direct contrasts
on the other hand showing direct contrasts
in addition showing additional information
also showing additional information
besides showing additional information
similarly showing additional information
furthermore adding stronger information
moreover adding stronger information
nevertheless showing unexpected results
nonetheless showing unexpected results
still showing unexpected results
otherwise if not
• THANK YOU! 