ENERGY SECTOR

DONE BY: S. A. Arbaz [382198124

S.SAIKUSHUL[382198125]

S.JALEEL ESWAR[382198126]
HISTORY
The use of energy has been a key in the development of the human society by
helping it to control and adapt to the environment. Managing the use of energy is
inevitable in any functional society. In the industrialized world the development
of energy resources has become essential for agriculture, transportation, waste
collection, information technology, communications that have become
prerequisites of a developed society. The increasing use of energy since
the Industrial Revolution has also brought with it a number of serious problems,
some of which, such as global warming, present potentially grave risks to the
world.
What Is the Energy Sector?
The energy sector is a category of stocks that relate to
producing or supplying energy. The energy sector or industry
includes companies involved in the exploration and
development of oil or gas reserves, oil and gas drilling, and
refining. The energy industry also includes integrated power
utility companies such as renewable energy and coal.
Understanding the Energy Sector:
​The energy sector is a large and all-encompassing term that describes a
complex and inter-related network of companies, directly and indirectly,
involved in the production and distribution of energy needed to power
the economy and facilitate the means of production and transportation.
The companies within the energy sector are involved in various types of
energy. For the most part, energy companies are often categorized based
on how the energy that they produce is sourced and will typically fall
into one-of-two categories: Renewable
Non-renewable
What Is Renewable Energy?
Renewable energy, often referred to as clean energy, comes from natural
sources or processes that are constantly replenished. For example, sunlight
or wind keep shining and blowing, even if their availability depends on time
and weather.
Types of Renewable Energy:
Solar Energy
Wind Energy
Biomass Energy
Hydroelectric Power
What is Non-renewable energy?
A non-renewable resource is a natural substance that is not replenished
with the speed at which it is consumed. It is a  finite resource.
Fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas, and coal are examples of non-
renewable resources.

Types of Non –renewable energy:

1. Petroleum products
2. Natural gas
3. Gasoline
4. Diesel fuel
5. Heating oil
6. Nuclear
 Components of the Energy Sector
The GICS further divides the energy sector into the energy equipment & services industry and the oil,
gas & consumable fuels industry.
1. Energy Equipment & Services Industry
The energy equipment & services industry comprises oil and gas drilling contractors, manufacturers
of drilling equipment, and businesses that provide services related to drilling and completion of oil or
gas wells. Helmerich & Payne, Inc., Unit Corporation, and Exterran Corp. are some of the players in
the U.S. energy equipment & services industry.
2. Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels Industry
Companies in the oil and gas industry can be categorized into the upstream, the midstream, and the
downstream. They have different positions in the supply chain.
•The upstream companies are involved in exploring potential crude oil and natural gas fields. They
also exploit these energy resources through drilling and operating wells. Mergers, acquisitions, and
divestitures happen in the upstream frequently.
•The midstream provides storage, transportation, and wholesale marketing for oil, gas, and
petroleum products. Transportation providers include pipeline transportation companies, barge
companies, railroad companies, and other logistics companies.
•The downstream is involved in post-production activities. The downstream companies refine crude
oil and raw natural gas into consumable fuels, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and jet fuel. They also
distribute derived products such as waxes, lubricants, and many other petrochemicals. The
midstream is often considered a part of the downstream.
 Types of Energy Sector Companies
Below are some of the types of companies found in the energy industry. Each has a distinct role to play in bringing energy
to businesses and consumers.

Oil and Gas Drilling and Production

These are the companies that drill, pump, and produce oil and natural gas. Production typically involves pulling oil out of
the ground.

Pipeline and Refining

Oil and natural gas must be delivered from the production site to a refinery to be refined into a final product such as
gasoline. Companies within this portion of the energy sector are called mid-stream providers.

Mining Companies
Coal companies could be classified as energy companies since coal is used to power plants, including nuclear.

Renewable Energy
Clean energy has gained traction and investment dollars over the years and is likely to be a growing part of the energy
sector in the future. Examples of renewable energy include wind and solar.
Factors that Impact the Energy Sector
The energy sector is highly cyclical and sensitive to the macroeconomic
environment. The level of economic activities exerts a significant impact
on the demand for oil and gas. GDP, disposable income, employment,
new housing, and the industrial production index are some of the
macroeconomic drivers.
During expansion periods, an increasing amount of business activities
and production inflates the demand and price of oil. During recessions,
decreasing production level lowers the demand and price, and thus
weakens the sector.
 MARKET CAPITALIZATION
Market capitalization refers to the total dollar market value of a company's outstanding shares of
stock. Commonly referred to as "market cap," it is calculated by multiplying the total number of a
company's outstanding shares by the current market price of one share.

RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LIMITED

Market Cap Value - (Sep-01-2018):
800516 Crores INR
Market Cap - Million USD: 113,044 Million USD
Rank in India - NSE Listed Stocks: 1
Rank in Selected Criteria: 1
 
OIL & NATURAL GAS CORPORATION LIMITED (ONGC)
Market Cap Value - (Sep-01-2018):
227805 Crores INR
Market Cap - Million USD: 32,169 Million USD
Rank in India - NSE Listed Stocks: 11
Rank in Selected Criteria: 2
COAL INDIA LIMITED
Market Cap Value - (Sep-01-2018):
182421 Crores INR
Market Cap - Million USD: 25,760 Million USD
Rank in India - NSE Listed Stocks: 14
Rank in Selected Criteria: 3
INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED
Market Cap Value - (Sep-01-2018):
150198 Crores INR
Market Cap - Million USD: 21,210 Million USD
Rank in India - NSE Listed Stocks: 19
Rank in Selected Criteria: 4
NTPC LIMITED
Market Cap Value - (Sep-01-2018):
142640 Crores INR
Market Cap - Million USD: 20,143 Million USD
Rank in India - NSE Listed Stocks: 21
Rank in Selected Criteria: 5
CONTRIBUTION TO ECONOMY
Energy is the lifeblood of the global economy – a crucial input to nearly all the goods and
services of the modern world. Stable, reasonably priced energy supplies are central to
maintaining and improving the living standards of billions of people. As Peter Voser
explains in his opening message to this report, Energy: The Oxygen of the Economy,
“Without heat, light and power you cannot build or run the factories and cities that provide
goods, jobs and homes, nor enjoy the amenities that make life more comfortable and
enjoyable.
The global recession and financial crisis that began in 2008 bring a new focus to decisions
about energy.
 TOP LEADING COMPANIES IN INDIA

TATA POWER SOLAR

Tata Power Solar Systems Ltd is part of the Tata Group and the largest integrated
solar power player in the country. It has three separate business segments –
manufacturing of solar cells and modules, engineering, procurement and construction
(EPC) for solar power projects and other solar products. It provides customised and
specialised solutions for various sectors like, education, banking, healthcare, telecom,
etc. and operates in both rural and urban areas. Tata Power plans to expand rooftop
solar services as it has already installed more than 375 MW of rooftop projects.
 SUZLON ENERGY
Suzlon is one of India’s leading renewable energy companies. Its services span the entire life of wind energy
projects. It designs, develops, manufactures wind turbine generators (WTGs). It also provides allied services,
providing it a strong presence across the wind power value chain. It does business in 18 countries across six
continents. Its installed wind energy capacity, largest in India, stood at 846 MW in FY20.

RENEW POWER
renew Power Ventures operates as an independent power producer. The company engages in the generation
of non-conventional energy through solar and wind power. It sells its power to state electricity boards and
large industrial companies in India. It was founded in 2011 and commenced operations in 2012 with their
first project with a capacity of producing 25.20 MW from Jasdan, Gujarat. Renew Power has a capacity of
more than 8.65 GW of wind & solar power assets, of this, more than 5.44 GW is already operational across
the country. It plans to double its portfolio of running plants and projects under implementation to 10,000
MW in five years.
 EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN ENERGY SECTOR
1. Architects

2. Chemical Equipment Operators

3. Chemical Plant and System Operators

4. Civil Engineers 

5. Construction and Building Inspectors

6. Construction Managers 

7. Control and Valve Installers and Repairers 

8. Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technicians
9. Electrical and Electronics Repairers of Commercial and Industrial Equipment

10.Electrical Engineers
11. Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers

12. Electricians

13. Electronics Engineers 

14. Gas Plant Operators

15. Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers
16. Industrial Engineering Technicians 

17. Industrial Machinery Mechanics

18. Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Helpers

19. Mechanical Engineers 

20. Nuclear Engineers

 PROBLEMS FACED BY ENERGY INDUSTRY
The dialogue between the two countries included six working groups on areas such as
coal, oil and gas, sustainable development, new technologies and renewable energies, and
power and energy efficiency. The objective goal of the talks is to increase business-to-
business cooperation, expand trade, and create a better regulatory framework. The talks
follow the Partnership to Advance Clean Energy (PACE) established in 2009.
CONCLUSION 
Energy is basic need of Life. Any happening or activity in the Universe involves conversion of Energy from one
form to another. Throughout history, man has developed ways to expand his ability to harvest energy. After
Industrialization, the rate of Energy Consumption increased dramatically.
Industrial Revolution lead to unlocking of Earth's vast concentrated storage deposits of solar energy - coal, gas and
oil, and Man was no longer dependant on and limited to natural energy flows. The Development of a country
dependent upon its Energy Sector. Energy Consumption Rates and Patterns govern the modernization of a society.
Energy is in short supply in India, and is expensive, especially for industry. Management of Energy Resources is
a important part of power system. To save natural resources the conservation of energy must done at different
levels i.e. at social and commercial level. With use of more energy efficient technologies, many businesses could
cut their energy consumption by up to 20 % More renewable resources can be used at consumer level for energy
conservation. It is more important to provide education regarding energy conservation to the general mass. Thus,
we can say that Energy Conservation can improve the possibility of Energy fulfilment. Conclusions