Electrical Properties of

Materials
Lecture 1
Chap 1
 In this lecture we will going to
discuss ….

 General overview and

 Necessity of studying this
course

Chapter 1

From Principles of Electronic Materials and Devices, Third Edition, S.O. Kasap (© McGraw-Hill, 2005)
Course outline
• I. Course Core and Title
• EEE 4107: Electrical Properties of Materials
• II. Credit
• 3 credit hours (3 hours of theory per week)
• III. Nature
• Core Course for EEE Textbooks:
 
• IV. Prerequisite [1] Principles of Electronic Materials and Devices (3rd Edition)
-
• PHY 2103: Modern Physics --- S. O. Kasap
[2] Semiconductor Device Physics and Design
-----Umesh K. Mishra and Jasprit Singh
[3] Physics of Semiconductor Devices (3rd Edition)
-----Simon M. Sze Kwok K. Ng
Text-Book and syllabus
Mid-term Final-term
Properties of materials
Mid term Properties
of
Materials

Mechanica
Electrical Thermal Electrical Dielectric Magnetic Optical
l
Properties properties Properties properties Properties properties
properties
 Classical
 Modern
 Newtons law
 Quantum physics
Superconductivity
 Structure of materials
 Crystalline form and
non-crystalline form
 Quantum mechanics Final term
Syllabuses-Mid term
• Crystal Structures: Introduction to Crystals, Lattice, Basis, Bravais Lattices, FCC, and BCC Crystals.
Crystal Structures: Diamond and Zinc Blende Crystals, HCP, Wurtzite Structure, Perovskite Materials,
Organic Materials, 2D Materials. Crystal Directions and Planes, Miller Indices and Planar
Concentration. Crystalline Defects and their Significance, Effects of Defects on Semiconductor
devices
• Classical Theory of Electrical and Thermal Conduction: The Drude Model – Scattering, Mobility and
Conductivity. Temperature Dependence of Resistivity of Pure Metals. Temperature Dependence of
Conductivity. Matthiessen's Rule and Nordheim’s Rule, Hall Effect and its applications for devices.
Metal-metal contact potential. Seebeck Effect and Thermocouple. Debye Heat Capacity. Skin Effect.
Recombination and Minority Carrier Injection. Diffusion and Conduction Equations. Random motion,
Continuity and Poisson equations.
• Elementary Quantum Mechanics: Light as Wave, Bragg’s Law. Elementary Quantum Mechanics:
Light as Wave, Bragg’s Law. Photoelectric Effect, Work Function, Black Body Radiation and Compton
Scattering, Schrödinger Equation and its significance. Potential Step and Potential Barrier. Elementary
Tunneling Phenomenon and Quantum Box. Bloch Theorem, and Kronig-Penny Model.
Syllabuses-final term
• Band Theory of Solids: Molecular Orbital Theory of Bonding, Energy Band Formation. Carrier Statistics:
Maxwell Boltzmann. Fermi Dirac Distribution, Fermi Energy. Density of States in an Energy Band. Electron
Effective Mass Wave Nature of Electrons, Time Independent Schrödinger Equation. Elementary Quantum
Mechanics: One Dimensional quantum Problem- Infinite Potential Well. Modern (Quantum) Theory of
Metals: Determination of Fermi Energy and Average Energy – Free Electron (Sommerfeld) Model.
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle. Fermi Energy and its Significance. Semiconductor-metal contact.
Ohmic and Schottky contacts.
• Dielectric Properties of Materials: Relative Permittivity, Dipole. Moment and Electronic Polarization,
Lorentz or Local Field and Clausius-Mossotti Equation, Polarization Mechanisms – Ionic, Oriental
(Dipolar), Interfacial and Total Polarization. Frequency Dependence – Dielectric Constant and Dielectric
Loss; Piezoelectricity, Applications of Piezoelectric materials.
• Magnetic Properties of Materials: Magnetic Moment, Magnetization and Relative Permeability. Magnetic
Material Classifications –Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism, Ferromagnetism, Antiferromagnetism and
Ferrimagnetism. Origin of Ferromagnetism. Magnetic Domains Superconductivity: Zero Resistance and
Meissner Effect, Type I and Type II Superconductors, and Critical Current Density
Properties of materials
Mid term Properties
of
Materials

Mechanica
Electrical Thermal Electrical Dielectric Magnetic Optical
l
Properties properties Properties properties Properties properties
properties
 Classical
 Modern
 Newtons law
 Quantum physics
Superconductiv
ity
 Structure of materials
 Crystalline form and
non-crystalline form
 Quantum mechanics Final term
 Why electrical properties of materials?
Carbon and ceramic materials Semiconductor materials

I Diode made of Si

V
Made of carbon and ceramic
V-I, Shows linear relationship

https://uk.rs-online.com/web/p/through-hole-fixed-
resistors/7077647/ V-I, Shows exponential relationship

https://www.elprocus.com/rectifier-diode-working-applications/
Why thermal properties?

Solar water heater

Which material is perfect for maximum absorption

Titanium ?

http://www.thermomax.com/Absorber_Coating.php
Why mechanical properties?

How much they are elastic? Are they plastic or rubber?

https://www.craftechind.com/10-fun-things-you-never-knew- https://www.timcorubber.com/rubber-materials/
about-plastic-materials/
 Why dielectric properties?

 Ceramic capacitors

 Electrolyte capacitors

Dielectric materials
  𝜖 𝐴
𝑐=
𝑑
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor#Dielectric_materials
 Magnetic properties of materials-example

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformer
https://www.indiamart.com/proddetai
l/three-phase-electric-transformer-
https://circuitglobe.com/inductor.html 13093757997.html

Ferrite antenna for longwave,

medium wave, shortwave

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jjW0k3p5f24
Maglev train- worlds fastest train!!

Magnetic levitation and superconductivity

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aIwbrZ4knpg
 Why optical properties of materials?
LASAR for medical uses LED

https://health.clevelandclinic.org/can-laser-spine-surgery-fix- https://www.superbrightleds.com/moreinfo/through-hole/rgb-
your-back-pain/ fast-color-changing-led-2/1041/2504/
 Why modern theory and quantum physics?
classical theory of electrical properties

http://physics.bgsu.edu/~stoner/P202/resist/sld004.htm
Electron is particle
https://www.scienceabc.com/pure-sciences/what-explain-
photoelectric-effect-einstein-definition-exmaple-applications-
threshold-frequency.html
 Electron behaves like particle
 Follows Newton law
 Why modern theory and quantum physics?
Electron behaves as waves!!

Diffraction
Interference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction

http://physics.bu.edu/~duffy/py106/Interference.html

So, Modern physics and quantum

physics are necessary
summary
• Properties of materials
• Mid: main reason of different properties: structure of solids, Electrical and thermal properties,
elementary of quantum physics
• Final: Modern theory of solids, Dielectric properties of solids, magnetic properties of solids
• Others: optical properties of solids, mechanical properties of solids
• Examples:
• Electrical properties: although carbon resistors shows linear characteristics, semiconductor
shows exponential characteristics
• Thermal properties: which materials adsorb maximum solar energy are investigated
• Dielectric properties: electrolyte capacitors, ceramic type capacitors shows different
capacitances due to their different dielectric constant
• Magnetic properties: materials having electric transformers to ferrite antennas for signal
communication.
Questions
?