Smooth Muscle

Physiology 1

Dr. Anis Irmawati, drg., MKes

Faculty of Dental Medicine

Universitas Airlangga - Surabaya
 Introduction

• = unvoluntary muscle
autonomic muscle
reflex muscle
• Organ coated smooth muscle : *uterus
*vesica urinaria
*blood vessel
*gastro intestinal tract
*eye
*pulmo
*testis
 Types

1. Multi unit :
* consist of : several fibers
* every fiber work independent  by neural control
* ex. : ciliaris muscle (eye)
iris muscle (eye)
piloerector muscle

2. Unitary :
* composed of hundreds of thousands fibers
* contraction together  reflex
* between fiber  gap junction/syncytium
* visceral smooth muscle
* ex. : digestive muscle ureter muscle
blood vessel muscle uterus muscle
 Function

• uterus : partus
• ureter - vesica urinaria : urine excretion
• blood vessel : blood flow
• GIT : food movement
• eye : shrinking of pupil (menyusutnya) during vision process
• artery : maintain diameter of artery
• pulmo : air flow
• testis : control temperature by contraction
• arteri & vena : control blood pressure
 Characteristics

 shape : spindle, pointed end (ujung meruncing)

 its unity (single unit)
 no striated  
 work : autonomic
rhytmic
 control : neural & hormone
 potential action transmission : by gap junction
 there are pigmen myoglobin
 1 nucleus  central
 RMP : -50 sd -60 mvolt
 Structure

 muscle cell : myofibril

 myofibril : actin + myosin 
 actin : no troponin  changed : calmodulin
 actin + actin  dense bodies
 dense bodies + dense bodies  sarcomer
 dense bodies  melekat pd membran sel
 contraction : calsium + ATP
 source of calsium : extracellular
sarcoplasmic reticulum
 Potential action

A. spike :
* multi unit
* stimulus external : electric, hormone, stretch

B. repetitive spike/slow wave :

* rhytmic
* spontaneous potential action (mulai -35 mvolt)
* intestinal wall

C. plateau :
* uterus
* ureter
* vascular
 Preparat stimulant contraction

Epinefrin Serotonin

Norepinefrin Vasopressin

Asetilkolin Oksitosin

Angiotensin Histamin
 Disorder

1. Gastrointestinal tract

2. Renal system

3. Genetalia system

4. Cardiovascular system

5. Respiratory system
1. The gastrointestinal tract :
 mostly dependent on smooth muscle for motility
 damage to the smooth muscle of the intestines  loss of motility 
gastroparesis
 many conditions can impact gastric motility :
*nerve dysfunction
*collagen disease
*muscular dystrophies
*amyloidosis
*thyroid disease
*diabetes mellitus
 they may present asymptomatic or present in crisis with functional gastric
obstruction
 gastric disorders  immediately raise suspicion  potential impacts to
smooth muscle physiology.
2. The renal system :
 vascular smooth muscle is present : kidneys, ureters n vesica urinaria (bladder)
 kidneys  vascular smooth muscle dysfunction :
associated with chronic kidney disease  can lead to end-stage renal disease
 damage to the ureters :
may also damage smooth muscle and impair ureter function  nephrolithiasis
 the functionality of the bladder  relies unique properties of smooth muscle :
damage to any of the systems that regulate smooth muscle  loss of tone 
subsequent : neurogenic bladder disease
 the effects such a disease has on a person's quality of life
3. The genital system :
 smooth muscle  role in childbirth
 smooth muscle lines the uterus  creates contractile during childbirth
 drug help enhance smooth muscle contraction at the time of birth :
oxytocin
 In males :
fertility  decided by contractions of smooth muscle in the epididymis
and vas deferens  without contractile of smooth muscle  spermatozoa
 would never be able to assist in fertilization  pathologic effects of smooth
muscle  infertility
 many medications  frequently used by males impact smooth muscle
contractility  affect fertility :
*nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)
*phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors
*nitrates
*adrenergic receptor antagonists and agonists
*psychotropic drugs, anticholinergic drugs
*calcium antagonists, and ace inhibitors
4. The cardiovascular system :
 smooth muscle helps to regulate blood flow  controlling the diameter of the
vessel
 vascular pathologies of smooth muscle  can have devasting effects
 atherosclerosis  effect hemodynamics and vessel structure  has more
recently been linked to smooth muscle development

5. The pulmonary system :

 continuous vascular smooth muscle activation :
can lead to the formation of pulmonary hypertension
 in the lungs  pathologic activation of smooth muscle can lead to the
development of asthma
 asthma occurs  when smooth muscle constriction  leads to obstruction of
the airway (bronchus)
 Recent studies :
smooth muscle layer may increase in thickness  before the onset of asthma
even occurs  pointing towards a potential genetic link
ALHAMDULILLAH