MORE PROBLEMS IN

CONIC SECTIONS
• Identifying a Conic Section by Its
General Equation
• Degenerate Conics

Precalculus: MLGP
 Learning Outcomes of the Lesson

▰ At the end of the lesson, the student is able to:

(1) recognize the equation and important
characteristics of the different types of conic
sections; and
(2) solve situational problems involving conic
sections.
Precalculus: MLGP
 Introduction

Inspecting the equation can lead us to the right

conic section for its graph, and set us on the right
step towards analyzing it. We will also look at
problems that use the properties of the different
conic sections, allowing us to synthesize what has
been covered so far.
Precalculus: MLGP
 Identifying the Conic Section by
Inspection
▰  
 The equation of a circle may be written in
standard form

that is, the coefficients of and are the same.

However, it does not follow that if the coefficients
of and are the same, the graph is a circle.
Precalculus: MLGP
▰▰  For a circle with equation , we have . This is not the case for the
standard equations of (A) and (B).
▰ In (A), because the sum of two squares can only be if and only if
each square is , it follows that and. The graph is thus the single
point .
▰ In (B), no real values of x and y can make the nonnegative left side
equal to the negative right side. The graph is then the empty set.

Precalculus: MLGP
 General Form of the Equations of the
Conic Sections
▰  

▰ Some terms may vanish, depending on the kind

of conic section.

Precalculus: MLGP
Identifying a Conic
Section by Its
General Equation
 CIRCLE

▰  
▰ Both and appear, and their coefficients are the
same.

▰ Example:
▰ Degenerate cases: a point, and the empty set
Precalculus: MLGP
 PARABOLA

▰  
▰ Exactly one of and appear.
(, opens upward or downward)

(, opens to the right or left)

Ex: (opens upward)

(opens to the right)

Precalculus: MLGP
 ELLIPSE

▰  
▰ Both and appear, and their coefficients and
have the same sign and are unequal.

Ex: (horizontal major axis) (vertical major axis)

If A = B, what will be the conic section?

Precalculus: MLGP
 ELLIPSE

If A = B, what will be the conic section?

▰ We will classify the conic as a circle, instead of
an ellipse.
▰ Degenerate cases: a point, and the empty set

Precalculus: MLGP
 HYPERBOLA

▰  
▰ Both and appear, and their coefficients and
have different signs.

Ex: (horizontal transverse axis)

(vertical transverse axis)

Degenerate case: two intersecting lines Precalculus: MLGP

 Summary
CONIC SECTIONS GENERAL EQUATION
Circle

Parabola

Ellipse
Hyperbola

Precalculus: MLGP
 Non-degenerate Cases

▰   graphs of the following equations are (non-

The
degenerate) conic sections. Identify the conic section.

Ans: Hyperbola

Ans: Parabola
Precalculus: MLGP
 Degenerate Cases

▰  following examples will show the possible degenerate conic (a point, two
The
intersecting lines, or the empty set) as the graph of an equation following a
similar pattern as the non-degenerate cases. At first glance, you might say that the graph
of this equation is an ellipse. But look, it’s a
degenerate case after transforming to SF.

Ans: One point (2, -1)

Precalculus: MLGP
 Degenerate Cases
At first glance, you might say that the graph
of this equation is an ellipse. But look, it’s a
▰   degenerate case after transforming to SF.

Ans: Empty set

Precalculus: MLGP
 Degenerate Cases
At first glance, you might say that the graph
of this equation is a hyperbola. But look, it’s
▰   a degenerate case after transforming to SF.

 
Asymptotic lines:

 
Ans: two lines:

Precalculus: MLGP
 A Note on Identifying a Conic
Section by Its General Equation
▰ It is only after transforming a given general equation
to standard form that we can identify its graph either
as one of the degenerate conic sections (a point, two
intersecting lines, or the empty set) or as one of the
non-degenerate conic sections (circle, parabola,
ellipse, or hyperbola).

Precalculus: MLGP
 Problems Involving Different Conic
Sections
▰▰   The following examples require us to use the properties of different conic sections
at the same time.
Example 1. A circle has center at the focus of the parabola , and is tangent to the directrix
of this parabola. Find its standard equation.

Precalculus: MLGP
 Theorems on KITES

▰Theorem 10. In a kite, the perpendicular

bisector of at least one diagonal is the
other diagonal.
▰Theorem 11. The area of a kite is half the
product of the lengths of its diagonals.
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Is the color of gold, butter and Is the colour of the clear sky and Is the color of blood, and because
ripe lemons. In the spectrum of the deep sea. It is located of this it has historically been
visible light, yellow is found between violet and green on the associated with sacrifice, danger
between green and orange. optical spectrum. and courage.
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