Biology Presentation

ENZYME
Created by :
David Wijaya (06)
XII IPA 2

S.K. : Memahami Pentingnya Proses Metabolisme pada Organisme

K.D. : Mendeskripsikan Enzim dan Perannya dalam Proses Metabolisme
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Content
• Definition of Enzyme
• Characteristic of Enzyme
• Part of Enzyme
• Mechanism of Enzyme Function
• Factor that Affect Enzyme
• Role of Enzyme in Metabolism

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Definition of Enzyme
 Enzymes are protein which act as catalysator in our
body.

That mean enzymes can increase the chemical

reaction rate. Molecule that react in the reaction is
called as substrate, while the result is called as
product. Enzyme is produced inside a live cell.
Example of enzyme : - Amilase
- Lipase

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Characteristic of Enzyme
• Act as biocatalysator
• Consist of protein
• Work reciprocally
• Work specifically (can only react with 1
substrate)
• Required in little amount only
• Influenced by pH and temperature

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Part of Enzyme
• Consist of apoenzyme (protein) and prosthetic (coenzyme /
organic compounds, ex : vitamin; and cofactor / inorganic
compound, ex : zinc, calcium, copper, iron)

apoenzyme prosthetic

Holoenzyme

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Mechanism of Enzyme Function
a. Lock and Key Theory
This theory state that enzymes have fixed shape and only
a specific substrate can fit into it perfectly to form a
specific product.

enzyme substrate product

enzyme

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b. Induced Fit Theory
This theory state that enzymes do not have fixed shape
and their shape do not fit the substrate perfectly, but
when a specific substrate come, they are induced and
their shape change so the substrate can fit into it perfectly
and react to form a specific product.

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Factors that Affect Enzymes
• pH
• Temperature
• Enzyme and Substrate Concentration
• Inhibitor
– Reversible Inhibitor
– Irreversible Inhibitor

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a. pH
 Different enzymes have different optimal pH, but must of
them can work optimally in neutral condition (pH around 6
– 8). Ex : Chymotripsin work optimally around ph 8.

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b. Temperature
 Enzymes work optimally around 30oC - 40oC. When
temperature raise beyond 50oC, enzyme will be
denaturated. When temperature fall beyond 0oC, enzyme
will become inactive.

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c. Enzyme and Substrate Concentration
• Concentration enzyme > concentration substrate, reaction goes faster.
Concentration substrate > concentration enzyme, reaction goes slower.
• When concentration of substrate increase, reaction rate increase too.
But there will be a limit where all enzyme has reacted with substrate so
the reaction can’t go faster anymore.

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d. Reversible inhibitor
• Molecule which is competing with substrate to bond with
enzyme (on the active side or on the inactive site) so the
enzyme can’t bond with substrate again. It doesn’t damage
enzyme.

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e. Irreversible inhibitor
• It can damage enzyme and it can form
strong bond with enzyme so enzyme can’t
bond with substrate.

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Role of Enzyme in Metabolism
• In metabolism, some enzymes help to break down large
nutrient molecules, such as proteins, fats, and
carbohydrates, into smaller molecules. This process occurs
during the digestion of foodstuffs in the stomach and
intestines of animals. Other enzymes guide the smaller,
broken-down molecules through the intestinal wall into the
bloodstream. Still other enzymes promote the formation of
large, complex molecules from the small, simple ones to
produce cellular constituents. When an enzyme attaches to
a process, such as metabolism, it can speed up the process
so enzyme is called as catalysator.

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