FUNCTIONAL OCCLUSION:

• Refers to occlusal contacts made when the jaw is moving, as

with chewing.
• Alternative names are cuspid disclusion or canine
guidance.
• Immediate but gentle disclusion of all posterior teeth on any
excursion from intercuspal position(ICP)
• Post centric stops protect anterior teeth in ICP.
• Canines and incisors protect anterior teeth in ICP.
• Anterior teeth protect posterior in occlusion.
 CANINE GUIDED OCCLUSION
• Canine protection :
contact only on the
working-side maxillary and
mandibular canines
 Importance of canine guidance
• The strategic positioning of the canine in the arch
• The favorable root anatomy
• Presence of a better crown-root proportion
• The presence of dense and compact bone around the root, which
better tolerates the occlusal forces compared with the medullar
bone of the posterior teeth
• The sensorial pulse that activates less muscles when the canine
teeth are in contact than when posterior teeth contact each
other.
• The achievement of the canine guidance in orthodontics is easier
than the group function. It is because mechanically it is much
easier to establish the contact in a single tooth than to distribute
the contacts simultaneously in all the posterior teeth.
 GROUP FUNCTION OCCLUSION
• Simultaneous contact
of the canine and
posterior teeth on the
working side.
 Group function must be established
When the canine teeth do not present an appropriate
position to accept the horizontal forces, for example:
• Periodontal problems in the canines,
• Cases of atypical upper lateral incisor agenesis,
• lower incisor extraction, or
• In any case that the first premolar replaces the canine.
In this last example, the establishment of the lateral
guide should be avoided in order to prevent the
development of a traumatic occlusion because
premolars are not capable of supporting disocclusion.
• CENTRIC OCCLUSION is the occlusion a person
makes when they close their jaw and fit their
teeth together in maximum intercuspation. It
is also referred to as a person's habitual bite,
bite of convenience, or intercuspation
position (ICP).
• CENTRIC RELATION: not to be confused with
centric occlusion, is a relationship between
the upper and lower jaw.
CENTRIC OCCLUSION
 MUTUALLY PROTECTED OCCLUSION

• During the jaw protrusive movement, the lower incisal

borders slide on the palatal surfaces of the upper incisors,
promoting total disocclusion. Likewise, during the lateral
movements, the canine must perform the disocclusion.
These concepts, known as "mutually protected occlusion",
are important to define the occlusal pattern in subjects
with complete dentition.
• Along those lines, the posterior teeth protect the anterior
teeth of any contact in the static jaw position and during
the excursive movements
 Establishment of Immediate Anterior
Guidance
• When the patient occludes in MI, all posterior teeth must
contact, and the anterior teeth must be slightly separated.
• As soon as the protrusive movement begins, the lower
incisors must contact the palatal face of the maxillary incisors,
thus allowing the immediate disocclusion of the posterior
teeth.
• For this purpose, some orthodontic parameters must be
present, for example, overjet and overbite. If the patient
presents an increased overjet (more than 3 mm), a longer
period is necessary for the anterior teeth to contact, which
results in anterior guidance at the expense of the posterior
teeth.
 In 1976, Roth presented the following functional aspects of
the occlusion as being fundamental for completion of the
orthodontic cases:
1. Teeth must present maximum intercuspal (MI) position with
the jaw in centric relation (CR)
2. In centric relation, all posterior teeth must present axial
occlusal contacts, and the anterior teeth must maintain a
distance of 0.0005 inches between them.
3. During laterotrusion, the canines must disocclude the
posterior teeth (canine guidance).
4. During protrusion, the upper anterior teeth must occlude
with the lower anterior teeth and the first premolar or the
second premolar (in extraction cases), aiming at disoccluding
all posterior teeth (immediate anterior guidance).
5. No interference must be present on the balancing side.
General rules for diagnosis, evaluation and treatment
of occlusal problems

• Make the joints and teeth simultaneously stable

 
• Posterior contacts must be directed in the long axis of the teeth.

• Create axis loading wherever possible

 
• Anterior guidance such that the anterior teeth disclude the posterior
teeth in protrusive.
 
• Canine guidance such that the canines disclude the posterior teeth in
lateral excursions.
 
• No occlusal contacts on the balancing side.

• Move off axis loading as far from the fulcrum as possible

• DEFLECTION
On opening, the mandibular midline
continuously displaced on affected side and
does not return to central position.
• DEVIATION
On opening, the mandibular midline shifts to
the side of intereference, but return to
central position on maximum opening
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