Internal Combustion

Engine (ME F242) Instructor

SACHIN U. BELGAMWAR
BITS Pilani sachinbelgamwar@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in
Pilani Campus

9/23/21
Topics studied in the last class
 Loss due to variation in specific heat
 Dissociation or chemical equilibrium loss
 Effect of Dissociation on temperature with different
mixture strength
 Effect of Dissociation on brake power with different
mixture strength
 Effect of Number of Molecules
 Effect of variables on engine performance
• Compression ratio
• Fuel air ratio
• Efficiency
• Maximum power
• Maximum temperature
• Maximum pressure
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Summary
Maximum at Reason
Temperature T3 6%-10% rich (A/F=14:1) Because of chemical
equilibrium some O2 still
present at chemically
correct fuel-air ratio
Pressure P3 20% rich (A/F=12:1) Two parameters
1. Temperature
2. No. of Moles
Temperature T4 Chemically correct Fuel-air No effect of chemical
ratio equilibrium due to low
temperature, less heat at
lean mixture and
incomplete combustion at
rich mixture
mep or Power Maximum at slightly richer mep or b.p. follows p3 and
mixture 5 to 10% p4

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Effect of variable specific heat on
maximum pressure in Otto cycle

A petrol engine of compression ratio 6 uses a fuel of CV

44000kJ/kg. The air-fuel ratio is 15:1. The temperature
and pressure of the charge at the end of the suction
stroke are 600C and 1 bar, respectively. Determine the
maximum pressure in the cylinder if the index of the
compression is 1.32 and the specific heat at constant
volume is expressed by the relation, Cv=0.71+20x10-5T
kJ/kg K where T is the temperature in K. Compare this
value with that of constant specific heat Cv=0.71 kJ/kg K

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Isooctane (C8H18) is burned in 20% excess air in small
three cylinder turbocharged engine
Calculate:
Air/fuel ratio
Fuel/air ratio
Equivalence ratio

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

An engine working on the Otto cycle, having compression ratio
7, uses (C6H14) as the fuel. The calorific value of the fuel is
44000 kJ/kg. The air-fuel ratio of the mixture is 13.67:1.
Determine the maximum pressure and the temperature
reached in the cycle (a) without considering molecular
expansion b) Considering molecular expansion. Assume
Cv=0.718, compression follows the law pv1.3=C. the pressure
and the temperature of the mixture at the beginning of the
compression is 1 bar and 670C.

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Air is compressed in a car engine from 230C and 95 kPa in
a reversible and adiabatic manner. If the compression
ratio V1/V2 of this engine is 8, determine the final
temperature of the air. Assuming 1)variable specific heat
and 2)constant specific heat

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Effect of Dissociation on temperature
with different mixture strength

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Effect of Dissociation on brake power
with different mixture strength

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Effect of Number of Molecules

Number of moles change with temperature and pressure in

the cylinder
It also depends upon the Air/Fuel ratio

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Thermal efficiency and Fuel
consumption

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Effect of variables on engine
performance

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Characteristics of constant
Volume fuel-air cycle
1.The efficiency is little affected by the variable other than
compression ratio and fuel-air mixture.
2. Efficiency decreases as the fuel air ratio increases
because it increases the specific heat and dissociation at
higher temperature.
3.Expansion temperature decreases with increase in fuel-
air ratio.

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus