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Mini-Theories: Mary Cris J. Go
Mini-Theories: Mary Cris J. Go
Mini-Theories
Mary Cris J. Go
Philosophical and
Psychological Theories of
Learning and Teaching 1
Framework for understanding
and studying motivation
3
Outline
Philosophical origins Contemporary era
Grand theories Brief history of
● Will emotion study
● Instinct
● Drive
Rise of mini-theories
● Active nature of the person
● Cognitive revolution
● Socially relevant questions
6
Philosophical origins of
motivational perspectives
Ancient Greeks (Socrates, Plato, and
Aristotle) suggested a tripartite model:
• Appetitive (physiological)
• Competitive (social)
• Calculating (thinking)
Dualistic model:
• Body (irrational, impulsive)
• Mind (rational, intelligent)
Descartes:
• Passive (biological impulses)
• Active (will)
History of motivation
(Overview)
Grand theories
1. Will •Ancient philosophers, Descartes
8
Grand theories of motivation
All-encompassing theories that seek to explain the full
range of motivated action - why we eat, drink, work, play,
compete, fear certain things, read, fall in love, etc.
10
Hull's drive theory
E = H xDx
K strength drive
strength
sof r s of r incentive
behaviour habit
11
Decline of
grand theories of
Will motivation
Instinct Drive
Second,
motivation turned
decidedly
cognitive and
somewhat
humanistic.
Third,
the field focused on
applied, socially
relevant problems.
13
Rise of the mini-theories
1. Motivational phenomenon
Unlike grand (e.g., achievement motivation, flow experiences)
theories
that try to explain
the full range of 2. Special motivational circumstances
motivation, (e.g., failure feedback, role models)
mini-theories
limit
their 3. Theoretical questions
attention: (e.g., what is the relationship btw cognition & emotion?)
14
Mini-theories
15
Achievement motivation theory
McClelland's Human Motivation
Theory states that every person has
one of three main driving motivators:
the needs for achievement, affiliation,
or power. These motivators are not
inherent; we develop them through
our culture and life experiences.
Achievers like to solve problems and
achieve goals.
Attribution Theory
Weiner focused his attribution
theory on achievement (Weiner, 1974).
He identified ability, effort, task
difficulty, and luck as the most
important factors affecting attributions
for achievement. Attributions are
classified along three causal
dimensions: locus of control, stability,
and controllability.
Cognitive dissonance theory
Festinger's (1957) cognitive dissonance
theory suggests that we have an inner
drive to hold all our attitudes and
behavior in harmony and avoid
disharmony (or dissonance). ... When
there is an inconsistency between
attitudes or behaviors (dissonance),
something must change to eliminate
the dissonance.
Effectance motivation
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Many voices in motivation study
Perspective: Motives emerge from…
●
Behaviour is
energised and Behavioural Environmental incentives
directed by a Neurological Brain activations
multitude of multi- Physiological Hormonal activity
● level and co-acting Cognitive Mental events and thoughts
influences. Social-cognitive Ways of thinking guided
Most motivational
by exposure to other people
states need to be
Cultural Groups, organisations, and
understood at nations
multiple levels - from Evolutionary Genes and genetic
a neurological level, a endowment
cognitive level, a Humanistic Encouraging the human
social level, and so potential
on. Psychoanalytical Unconscious mental life
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