Chapter 11 Angular Momentum

Chapter 11
Angular Momentum
Figures, Examples, Ideas, Problems and Questions in this presentation are taken from: University Physics by Young
and Freedman, 11th Ed, Physics for Scientists and Engineers by Serway, 9 th Ed., and many websites like
Physicsclassroom.com & HyperPhysics.com
Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 1st Semester 2019
Angular Momentum
Learning Objectives
Student is expected to be able to:
• define angular momentum.
• calculate angular momentum of system and rigid object..
• discuss the principle of conservation of angular momentum.
• solve problems on conservation of angular momentum.

Summary of Useful Equations

The lightweight wheels on racing bikes have less
angular momentum than those on recreational
bikes, so it takes less effort to get them turning.
Two motorcycle racers lean precariously into a
turn around a racetrack. The analysis of such a
leaning turn is based on principles associated
with angular momentum.
The analysis of this
phenomena is based
on principles
associated with
angular
momentum.

Angular Momentum of a Rotating Particle
L  r m   r
L  r m r  L  mr 
2
 L  I
Angular momentum is a vector quantity.
Angular Momentum of a Rotating
Rigid Object
• The rigid object is a non-deformable
system.
• Each particle of the object rotates in the x-y
plane about the z axis with an angular speed
of .
• The angular momentum of an individual
particle is:
L  mr  2
 L  I
Moments of Inertia of Various Rigid Objects

Moments of Inertia of Various Rigid Objects

Test Problem
A solid sphere and a hollow sphere have the same mass and radius.
They are rotating with the same angular speed . Which one has the
higher angular momentum?
A) The solid sphere

B) The hollow sphere
C) both have the same angular momentum
D) impossible to determine
Solution
L  I 
2 2
 LSolid  MR   LThin  MR 2
2
5 3
 LSolid  LThin
Conservation of Angular Momentum
For Isolated System (Chapter 9)
– No external forces
– Net external force acting on a system pi  p f
is ZERO
• Isolated system: net external torque acting on a system

is ZERO 
 dLtot
  ext  0
dt
  
Ltot  constant  Li  L f
Controlling spin () by changing I (moment of inertia)
In the air, tnet = 0  L is constant
Li  L f
Change I by curling up or stretching out
I i i  I f  f
Isolated
System


τ net  0  L  constant Li  L f
I i i  I f  f Moment of inertia
does not change

τ net  0


L  constant
Li  L f
I i i  I f  f
Test Problem
A boy with moment of inertia I1 rotates about himself with an angular
velocity 1. When he fully extends his arms, his moment of inertia
becomes I2 = 2I1 and his angular velocity drops to 2 = 1 rad/s. Find
1 (in rad/s).
Solution
a) 2
b) 4 Li  L f
c) 6  I ii  I f  f
d) 8
e) 10 I11  2 I1 1
1  2 rad / s Before After

Li  L f
mi r  I rod i  I f  f I f  mr  I rod 2

Test Problem
A uniform wooden rod of moment of inertia I = 0.5 kg.m 2 and length L
= 2 m is pivoted at one end. A 0.5 kg clay ball is moving horizontally at
speed v = 25 m/s collides and sticks to the rod at its free end. What is the
angular speed  of the system after collision?
.
Solution
a) 2 rad/s L=2 m

b) 4 rad/s Li  L f v
c) 6 rad/s
d) 8 rad/s mi r  I rod i  I f  f Before After
e) 10 rad/s 0.5  25  2  2.5  

f I f  mr 2  I rod
25  2.5   f I f  0.5  2 2  0.5
 f  10 rad / s I f  2.5 kg.m 2
Test Problem
A uniform rod of length L = 1.5 m and moment of inertia I = 1.5 kg.m 2 is
pivoted at one end and is free to rotate about it. A ball of mass 1.5 kg is
moving horizontally at a speed vi = 12 m/s strikes the free end of the rod.
If the ball’s velocity after striking the rod is vf = 10 m/s, then what is the
angular speed (in rad/s) of the rod ?
Solution Li  L f
a) 3
b) 6 mi r  I rod i  m f r  I f  f
c) 9 m r  m r  I 
i f f f
d) 12
1.5  12  1.5  1.5  10  1.5  1.5  f
e) 15
27  22.5  1.5  f
 f  3 rad / s I f  I rod  1.5kg.m 2

Overhead view of a disk striking a stick
in an elastic collision.
(a) Before the collision, the disk moves
toward the stick.
(b) The collision causes the stick to rotate
and move to the right.
Li  L f
mi r  I ii  m f r  I f  f
I f  I Object
Overhead view of a disk striking a larger disk in an elastic collision.
(a) Before the collision, the disk moves toward the large disk.
(b) The collision causes the large disk to rotate and move to the right.
Li  L f
m1i r  I ii  I f  f I f  m1r  I Object

2

Test Problem
A wheel with mass M = 2 kg, radius R = 1 m and moment of inertia
I = MR2/2 is rotating at ω1 = 1 rad/s. A piece of clay with mass
m = 1 kg moving at v = 9 m/s strike and stick to the rim of the wheel.
The angular speed ω2 in rad/s of the wheel after the collision is:
Solution L i  L f
(a) 2
(b) 3 m1i R  I ii  I f  f
(c) 4 1
I i  2 12  1 kg.m 2
(d) 5 1 9 1  11  2   f 2
(e) 6 9  1  2   I f  m 1 R 2
 I Object
f
1
I f  11  2  12
2
 f  5 rad / s 2
I f  2 kg.m 2
Extra Examples
&
Test Problems

Test Problem
A student, standing on a freely rotating disk, has a moment of inertia I1
with his hand stretched out. He rotates at 1 = 2 rad/s, as in (a). He
then brings his arm in so his moment of inertia changes to I2 = 0.8 I1,
as in (b). His angular velocity 2 in (rad/s) is:
a) 2.5 L  L
i f
b) 3.75
c) 5.0  I ii  I f  f
d) 6.25 I  2    0.8 I  
1 1 f
e) 7.5
 f  2.5 rad / s

Test Problem
A bullet with mass m = 10 g is fired at the edge of a rod with a speed
of v= 200 m/s. The rod has a mass M = 3 kg, length L=1 m and
moment of inertia I = 1/3 ML2 and is free to rotate about the other end,
about point O in the figure. If the bullet emerges with a speed of v′ =
100 m/s. Calculate:
(a) the angular momentum of the
bullet about point O just before
the collision,
(b) the angular speed of the rod just
after the collision,
(c) the kinetic energy lost in the
collision.

Test Problem
A bullet of mass 20-g and velocity o = 300 m/s is fired at a solid
cylinder of radius R = 30 cm and moment of inertia I = 0.5 kg.m2, as
illustrated in the figure. The cylinder is initially at rest. The line of
motion of the bullet is perpendicular to the axel and at a distance
d = 10 cm from the center. Find the angular speed of the system just
after the bullet strikes and sticks to the surface of the cylinder.
a) 0.6 rad/s
b) 1.2 rad/s
c) 1.8 rad/s
d) 2.4 rad/s
e) 3.0 rad/s

Chapter 11 Angular Momentum

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 11 Angular Momentum

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 11

Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 1st Semester 2019

Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 1st Semester 2019

Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 1st Semester 2019

Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 1st Semester 2019

Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 1st Semester 2019

A) The solid sphere

• Isolated system: net external torque acting on a system

Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 1st Semester 2019

mi r  I rod i  I f  f I f  mr  I rod 2

Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 1st Semester 2019

e) 10 rad/s 0.5  25  2  2.5  

Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 1st Semester 2019

m1i r  I ii  I f  f I f  m1r  I Object

Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 1st Semester 2019

Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 1st Semester 2019

Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 1st Semester 2019

Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 1st Semester 2019

Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 1st Semester 2019

You might also like