Liver

Disorders
Presented to:
Mam Aman bint-e-Nasir
Presented By:
Fareeha parvaiz
Shazia Parveen
Tuba sajid
Liza Zafar
Um-e-Habiba
Liver:
The liver is the largest solid organ
and the largest gland in the human
body. It carries out over 500
essential tasks.
Classed as part of the digestive
system,the roles
Disease

Hepatic cirrhosis
Hepatitis (A. B. C. D and E)
Fulminant haptic failure
Budd chiari syndrome
Hepatic cirrhosis

Cirrhosis is a condition in
which the liver does not
function properly due ot long
term damage typically the
disease comes on slowly over
year.
 Causes

Cirrhosis is most commonly

caused by:-
i. Alcohal
ii. Hepatitis B
iii. Hepatitis C
iv. Non-alcoholic fatty liver
disease.
 Sign and symptoms

The sign and symptoms may be

I. failure of liver cells.
II. The rhosis of the liver is slow and
gradual in its development weakness.

II. loss of weight.

 Treatment

i. Antibiotics are prescribed

for infections and various
medications.
ii. Uses of lactose.
Hepatitis A

It is caused by infection with

hepatitis A virus (HAV) a non-
enveloped RNA virus it was
first identified by electron
microscopy in 1973 it is
classified.
Transmission

It is spread via the fecal oral

route through contaminated
food and water. Infections
occur early in life in area
where HAV is highly
endemic.
Symptoms:

I. Jaundice ( eyes yellow)

II. Pain in Belly
III. Nausea
IV. Lost 9f apitite
V. Fever
VI. Diarrhea
VII. Fatigue
Prevention:

•Hand washing
•Gloves
•identifying infected food
•Handlers
 Diagnosis

The diagnosis is based on the

history, physical examination and
serologic mark’s
(antibiotics & antigens)
i. Bilirubin
transminases
ii. Alkaline
phosphotises
iii. Total protein and
albumin
 Symptoms

i. Jaundice ( yellow eyes)

ii. Pain in you belly
iii. Loss of apitite
iv. Nausea
v. Fever
vi. Diarrhea
vii. Fatigue
 Treatment

As no specific treatment exists

prevention is most effective
approach against the disease
therapy is supportive and
maintaining edquate nutrition.
Eggs, milk, butter may
actually help provide a
correct cabric intake.
 Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is a vaccine
preventable liver infaction caused
by the hepatitis B virus (HBV).
Hepatitis B is spread when blood
srmen or other body fluids from a
person infected with the virus
enter the body of someone who is
not infected.
 Symptoms

•Loss of appetite
•Nausea
•Vomiting
•Weakness
•Fatigue. Yellowing skin
•White eyes
Causes

Hepatits B is a vaccine –
preven table liver infaction
caused by the hepatitis B
virus (HBV).Causes
Treatment

Treatment of specific causes

of fulminant hepatic failure,
failure, liver cancer and
even death.
Large collateral vessels, or a
hyperechoic cord replacing a
normal vein.
Budd chiari syndrome
Budd chiari syndrome is a
condition in which the hepatic
veins (veins that drain the liver)
are blocked or narrow.
 Causes

Budd chiari syndrome is

caused by blood clots that
completely or partially block
blood flew from the liver. The
blackage may occur any
where form the small and
large veins that carry blood
from the liver.
Symptoms
i. Pain in the supper
abdomen
ii. Ascites (swelling in the
abdomen cause by excess
fluid)
iii. Jaundice (skin, whites of
eyes and mucous
membrane turn, yellow)
iv. Enlarged liver
 Treatment

Treatments for budd- chiari

syndrome are designed to
dissolve blood clots and to help
improve blood flow in the liver.
Treatments are usually drug
therapy minimally invasive
procedures, and surgery.
 Fulminant hepatic
failure

Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is

usually defined as the serve
impairment of hepatic functions
or severe necrosis of
hepatocytes in the absence of
preexisting liver
Symptoms

Yellowing of skin and

eirritability)
Stomach swelling
Felling very confused
Sleepniess
Changes in behavior (irrita
 Causes

Some antibiotics cancer medicine

and other drugs can cause liver
damage that leads to liver failure.
Certain viruses Epstein barr virus.
For example, or herpes simplex
vixus may cause fulminant
hepatitis.
 Treatment

Treatment of specific causes of

fulminant hepatic failure, failure,
liver cancer and even death.
✨Thank
you✨