F C OM PA R A T IV E A N D

OV E RVIE W O
AL ED U C A T I O N A N D
INTERN AT IO N
O N O N T H E V AR I OU S
ORIE N TA T I
C I FIC A T IO N S
RANGE OF SPE
MA. PA UL INE G. MA RTIN EZ
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• DISCUSS THE IMPORTANCE OF COMPARATIVE AND INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION (CIE)
AS A COURSE:

• COMPARE THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM, CURRICULA, CULTURE AND TRADITIONS OF

DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES;

• DISTINGUISH THE ACCEPTABLE CURRICULAR AND INSTRUCTIONAL PRACTICES TO

STRENGTHEN THE SCHOOL AS THE SET OF HIGHER LEARNING.
WHAT IS COMPARATIVE AND
INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION?

Also known as (CIE). Based on Adeyinka (1994),study of two or more educational system,
how is its development from the past, across ages and the different influences in their education.
Next, from Good (1962) it is a field that deals with the comparison of current educational theory
and practices in different countries.
WHAT IS ITS PURPOSE?
COMPARATIVE AND INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION AIMS TO:

 Compare each educational system a country has.

 Solve and give solution to a educational problem
 To help and assist countries that needed development
 Understand each and every differences in countries educational system.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
 HISTORY OF EDUCATION
 PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION
 SOCIO-ECONOMICS
GEOGRAPHY
 POLITICS
 CULTURE AND TRADITION
 CURRICULUM
 STATISTICS
WHAT IS EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM?

It is the total form and pattern of a formal institution and organizations that transmit

knowledge and cultural heritage that influence the social and intellectual growth of

individual.
This generally refers to public schooling, not on private and this more commonly to
kindergarten through school programs.
WHO ARE THE ONE INVOLVE?

 GOVERNMENT
 PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS
INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES
 PERSONNEL WITH ADVANCED AND SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE IN EDUCATION
 TEACHERS
WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS?
 INTENSIFIED GLOBALIZATION
 NEO-LIBERALISM
MARKETIZATION
 INDUSTRIALIZATION
 TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT
 DEVELOPING
AND
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
HISTORY
TERAKOYA/ TEMPLE SCHOOL
CHINESSE WRITING SYSTEM/ CONFUCIANISM
SHOGUNATE
TERAKOYA, HANKO, SHOHEIKO, AND SHIJUKU
MODERN SYSTEM
KINDERGARTEN

 Usually starts at 3 years old

 Not compulsory
 Emphasis on being independent
and necessary life habits
 Teachers considered as developed
in understanding children’s world
Elementary/ Shōgakkō

 Ages 6-12
 Compulsory
 Cater children with general education
 Children are not held back if they perform poor or the other way
around.
 Has only one teacher except for Sports.
Lower Secondary/ Junior High School

 Still part of the compulsory education

 Students ages 12-15
 Provide general education correspond to students mental and physical
development
 Teachers are assigned to one subject only
 Most of the teachers are men
Upper Secondary/ Senior High School

 Not compulsory
 Students ages 15-18
 Provide higher education and specialized education according to
students mental and physical development
 Academic
 Specialized
 Integrated
Tertiary level/ Higher education

 Not compulsory
 Must have pass the NSAT and the college entrance examination
 They have low rate of enrolment
 Most of the students are exchange from other countries.
Curriculum

 designed and created by the Monbusho or Japan’s Ministry of Education (MEXT)

 Their education system is developed by actively soliciting information from the parents and the teachers.
 Each district or prefecture has the power to make their own education reform and all schools are directly
linked in the reform.
 Subjects included are primarily Proper Manner, Japanese Language, Social Studies and Culture, Reading,
Writing, Arithmetic, Arts, Music and Education Play.
 Their curriculum avoid the term Noryokusa or the ability difference
 They support greatly on Special Education
Staff and Facilities
Teachers
 Must have pass the Education licensure Examination
 They are being shuffled every year to teach different
level
 They avoided reprimanding pupils, they use the self
reflection method.
 They spend 8 hours or more on school to do works.
 They need to supervise streets during nights for the
safety of their pupils.
Facilities
 Their buildings are plain and simple
 Provided with Art rooms, Music Room, Library,
Science Laboratories, Swimming Pool, Gymnasia,
and most importantly is Playground.
 They don’t have security guards and Janitors.
America’s
Educational System
History
 The first American schools in the thirteen original colonies opened in the 17th century.
 Established for wealthy families who could afford to send their children to school.
 One room school houses would often serve primary, middle and high school age students.
 For most families, literacy and mathematics education was done in the homes—often by
mothers –during America’s early history.
 Education for women, African Americans and non-English speaking immigrants was limited
or outlawed until the 20th century.
 US population had one of the highest literacy in the world.
The American School system consists of:
 Pre-school (age 3-5) –not compulsory

Primary School/Elementary School

 Kindergarten (age 5-6)
 Grades 1-6 (ages 6-12)

Middle School
 Grades 7-8 (ages 12-14)

High School
 Grades 9-12 (ages 14-18)
Elementary

 Ages 5-12
 Compulsory
 Cater children Reading, Writing, Mathematics, Science,
Social Studies.
 Extracurricular activities for students or provide additional
teaching time.
Middle School/ Junior High

 Ages 12-14
 Compulsory
 Two grade levels intermediate between elementary school and
senior high school.
 Having different teachers for each subjects.
 being allowed to choose some of their class subjects
(electives).
 Has great support in sports
Senior High School

 High school usually runs either from 9th through 12th grade.
 The students in these grades are commonly referred to as:
 freshmen (grade 9)
 sophomores (grade 10)
 juniors (grade 11)
 seniors (grade 12).
 students take a broad variety of classes without special emphasis in any
particular subject
 Some states consider 65 (on a 100-point scale) a passing grade, while
others consider it to be as low as 60 or as high as 75.
 Support greatly on sports.
Tertiary level/ Higher education

 Not compulsory
 Have low enrolment rate
 Most of the students came across different countries
Curriculum

 Education is often seen as a means to deliver equality to all American citizens.

 K-12 Education is compulsory for all American children.
 Education is mainly provided by the public sector and funded by the federal, state and local
governments.
 School curricula, funding, teaching, employment, and other policies are set through locally
elected school boards who have control over a specified school district.
 No Child Left Behind Act– George W. Bush
Staff and Facilities
Teachers Facilities
 Must have pass the Education licensure Examination  Their school has big grounds for physical sports
 teacher works 8 hours, 5 days a week  Provided with Art rooms, Music Room, Library,
 Teacher must have early childhood education for Science Laboratories, Swimming Pool, Gymnasia,
elementary and most importantly is Playground.
 Teaching specialty depends on teaching degree in  Provided with the new technology students needed.
High School  Schools provided their students school bus
 Teachers are provided with all needed materials  Guards and Janitors are paid by the school.
 They are not allowed to punished students
themselves.
autralia’s
Educational System
The Australia School system consists of:
 Pre-school/ Family Day Care (age 3-5) –not compulsory

Primary School/Elementary School

 Kindergarten (age 5-6)
 Grades 1-6 (ages 6-12)

Middle School
 Grades 7-10 (ages 12-15)

High School
 Grades 11-12 (ages 15-18)- not compulsory
Primary School/Elementary

 Ages 5-12
 Compulsory
 One year preparatory or kindergarten for the age 5 child, it
is compulsory in some of the states.
 Cater students with English, Mathematics, Science and
Technology, History as primary subjects
 Students who was reported below standard grade must
attend catchment schools.
Secondary School/Junior High

 Ages 12-15
 Compulsory
 It is their year 8 to year 10
 They will only receive junior high certificate after they
were finished.
Senior High

 Ages 15-17
 Not-compulsory
 It is their year 11 to year 12
 Optional for the junior high to take the year 11 and 12.
Tertiary level/ Higher education

 Not compulsory
 4-5 year course
 They must have finished senior high school
 Or has a vocational certificate
 They must have pass the college entrance exam
Curriculum

The Australian Curriculum provides two key elements:

 (i) Agreement on the curriculum content that all Australian students should be taught (outline of
knowledge, skills and understandings for each learning area at each year level)
 (ii) Explicit advice on the achievement standards that all Australian students should be meeting
(depth of understanding, extent of knowledge and sophistication of skill expected of students at
each year level)
Staff and Facilities
Facilities
Teachers
 Provided with Art rooms, Music Room, Library,
 Must have pass the Education licensure Examination
Science Laboratories, Swimming Pool, Gymnasia,
 Hiring of Teacher has no national standards.
and most importantly is Playground.
 They are required to work at school 8 hours a day.
 Provided with the new technology students needed.
 They were provided all the things they need.
 They have all the facilities for practical learning.
china’s
Educational System
HISTORY
They have 5 major period for their educational system.
Imperial Education
Opium War
Cultural Revolution P.R.C
Cultural Revolution
Post- Mao Reforms
The China’s School system consists of:
 Pre-school (age 3-5) –not compulsory

Primary School/Elementary School

 Kindergarten (age 5-6)
 Grades 1-6 (ages 6-12)

Middle School
 Grades 7-9 (ages 12-15)

High School
 Grades 10-12 (ages 15-18)- not compulsory
PRIMARY EDUCATION

 Age: 6-12 Years

 Duration: 5-6 Years
 2 Semesters comprising 38 weeks teaching, 13 weeks holidays
 Compulsory Subjects: Moral Education, Chinese Language,
Mathematics, Social Studies, Natural Science, Physical Education,
Music, Arts, and Labor Services.
Junior Secondary /Chuzhong

 Duration:3-4 Years
 Compulsory 13 Subjects: Politics, Chinese Language,
Mathematics, Foreign Language, History, Geography, Physics,
Chemistry, Biology, Physical Education, Music, Art, and
Household Skills.
 provide basic professional knowledge & skills to workers, peasants &
employees
Senior Secondary /Gaozhong

 Duration:3-4 Years
 Not Compulsary
 Practice oriented technical schools managed by the
department of education and labor but provided by the
employers
 Students must have pass the Zhongkao examination to
continue study
Tertiary level/ Higher education

 Not compulsory
 A 4-5 year course
 They must have finished senior high
school
 Must have pass the Gaokao
examination
CURRICULUM

 Education in the People’s Republic of China must serve the construction of the socialist modernization, be
combined with production and labor, and foster builders and successors with all round development of morality,
intelligence and physique for the socialist cause. Education shall be carried out in the spirit of inheriting and
expanding the fine historical and cultural traditions of the Chinese nation and assimilating all the fine
achievements of the civilization progress of human beings
 Youth key to developing the nation in the future.
 Meaningful experiences are as important as knowledge delivery.
 Students need to learn how to learn.
 The reform is for all of basic education.
 Reforms success depends on teachers and students as well as the policy makers.
Staff and Facilities
Facilities
Teachers
 Some good performing schools provided with Art
 Must have pass the Education licensure Examination
rooms, Music Room, Library, Science Laboratories,
 Some of teachers are foreign
Swimming Pool, Gymnasia, and most importantly is
 Teachers work for 8-10 hours
Playground.
 They handle a class more than 30 students
 Only City schools have the technology and
equipment.
South Korea’s
Educational System
The South Korea’s School system consists of:
 Pre-school (age 3-5) –not compulsory

Primary School/Elementary School

 Kindergarten (age 5-6)
 Grades 1-6 (ages 6-12)

Middle School
 Grades 7-9 (ages 12-15)

High School
 Grades 10-12 (ages 15-18)- not compulsory
PRIMARY EDUCATION

 Age: 6-12 Years

 Compulsory
 All of their basic educational needs are
provided by the school and government.
 Only on the third grade they can encounter
English.
Middle School/ Junior High

 Ages 12-15 Years

 Compulsory

 Many choice for schools to go.

 Received all the learning facilities needed.

Middle School/ Junior High

 Ages 15-18 years

 Neither compulsory nor free
 It is divided into three category:
 Academic
 Vocational
 Special Purpose
Tertiary level/ Higher education

 Not compulsory
 4-5 year course
 They must have finished senior high school
 Must have pass the College scholastic ability test (CSAT)
 They must have pass the college entrance exam
CURRICULUM
 Main curriculum focuses on promoting individual learning pathways, decreasing of study

loads and nurturing creative thinking.

 Every schools have their reformed curriculum based on the goals they set.

 They give more emphasis on science and technology together with music and performing

arts.
Staff and Facilities
Teachers Facilities

 Must have pass the Education licensure Examination  Their buildings are plain and simple

 They impose corporal punishments  Provided with Art rooms, Music Room, Library,

 Men teachers must patrol at night to ensure their Science Laboratories, Swimming Pool, Gymnasia,

students safety and most importantly is Playground.

 They don’t have security guards and Janitors.
 Schools impose strict rules on wearing uniforms
India’s
Educational System
HISTORY

 India’s first education focuses on Astronomy,

Mathematics, Vedic Literature, Religion and
Medicine.
 British Colonialism
 Independence
 Post Independence
The India’s School system consists of:
 Pre-school (age 3-5) –not compulsory

Primary School/Elementary School

 Kindergarten (age 5-6)
 Grades 1-5 (ages 6-11)

Middle School
 Grades 6-10 (ages 11-15)

High School
 Grades 11-12 (ages 16-18)
PRIMARY EDUCATION

 Age: 6-11 Years

 Compulsory
 They were all subject to governments feeding program
 They are one of those countries who have big enrolment
population.
Middle School/ Junior High

 Ages 11-15 Years

 Compulsory

 Provide general knowledge

Senior Secondary

 Ages 16-18
 Compulsory
 Provide them vocational knowledge
 They still lack on facilities for practical learning.
Tertiary level/ Higher education

 Not compulsory
 4-5 year course
 They must have finished senior high school
 Low rate of enrolment
 Has high Tuition Fees
CURRICULUM
 Knowledge base

 Exam oriented study not skill o

 They focus on Product not on the process

 Passive participation
Staff and Facilities
Facilities
Teachers
 They still have the traditional schools
 Must have pass the Education licensure Examination
 Their facilities are not complete
 Teachers lack on the learning materials
 They lack in technology
 Hiring of teachers are on the decision of the
government.
Thank
You!!!